Building and Installing ACE and Its Network Services

Synopsis

The file explains how to build and install ACE and its Network Services on the various OS platforms and compilers that it has been ported to. Please consult the ChangeLog file to see whether any recent changes to the release will affect your code. You also might want to read the ACE FAQ before building and installing ACE. In addition, you might want to check out our development process, as well. And as you start working with ACE, you might want to consult the ACE Frequently Made Mistakes page. If you encounter any problems or would like to request an enhancement, then use our bug tracking system to submit a report.

Document Index

Platforms, C++ Compilers, and Support

ACE has been ported to a large number of platforms, using many different compilers over the years. The DOC group, Riverace, OCI, and members of the ACE user community have all contributed ports to make ACE the successful and far-reaching toolkit it is today. Any UNIX/POSIX/Win32 variation is a potential target platform for ACE. If you have porting questions or have a problem compiling the ACE source distribution, please contact one of the commercial support companies, or send a copy of the PROBLEM-REPORT-FORM to either the ACE Newsgroup or the ACE mailing list and someone will try to help you fix the problems.

The responsibility for maintaining ACE across this wide range of platforms is divided among a few different groups: the DOC group, Riverace, OCI, and the ACE user community itself. The table below summarizes each group's role and where you can get more detailed information. For information on TAO's platform coverage and support, please also see TAO's install document.

Groups Involved in ACE Development and Support
Group Platforms For more information
DOC Group Tested and used daily by the DOC group: Solaris 2.5, 2.6, 7 and 8 (many compilers excluding SunC++ 4.x)
Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 (MSVC++ 5.x, 6.x, and 7.x, and Borland C++ Builder 5.0)
Linux/Intel (many compilers), Linux/IA64 (GCC). 		DOC sites at UCI and Washington University
Riverace Offers support services for many platforms including those above, HP-UX, and AIX. Riverace's web site
OCI Maintains ACE on certain platforms required for their TAO software and service offerings. OCI's web site and the TAO install document
ACE user community Responsible for continued maintenance and testing of platforms to which ACE has been ported, but aren't supported by the above groups. These include Windows 95/98/CE using Borland C++ Builder 4.0 and later, IBM VisualAge C++, and GNU g++ on MinGW; Digital UNIX (Compaq Tru64) 4.0 and 5.0; IRIX 6.x; UnixWare 7.1.0; SunOS 4.x and Solaris with SunC++ 4.x; Linux on Alpha and PPC; OpenMVS; Tandem; SCO; FreeBSD; NetBSD Chorus, OS/9, PharLap TNT Embedded ToolSuite 9.1, QNX RTP and Neutrino 2.0; VxWorks; LynxOS; RTEMS

Although the DOC group has provided outstanding, world-class support for ACE over the years, ACE's success has greatly increased the amount of effort required to keep up with its maintenance, answer users' questions, and give design guidance. Riverace offers world-class commercial services to support ACE users and OCI offers similar services for TAO, allowing the DOC group's primary focus to shift back to their main goal: research. The DOC group is fundamentally focused on (and funded by) advanced R&D projects. The group continues to be intimately involved in ACE+TAO development and maintenance, but with revised priorities for maintenance. The bug fixing policies followed by the DOC group are designed to strike a balance between their many research projects and their commitment to the ACE+TAO user community. Naturally, we will be happy to accept well-tested patches from the ACE+TAO user community for any platforms that aren't supported by the DOC group, Riverace, or OCI.

Installation Notes

Compiling ACE with GNU g++

If you use the GNU GCC g++ compiler please note the following:

Compiling ACE with egcs

Building and Installing ACE

The following explains how to build ACE on UNIX and Win32.

General Rules

Building and Installing ACE on UNIX

Building and installing ACE on UNIX is relatively simple (the process for Win32 is different). Here's what you need to do:

  1. Install GNU make 3.7 or greater on your system (available via anonymous ftp from prep.ai.mit.edu in the pub/gnu/make/ directory). You must use GNU make or ACE won't compile.

  2. Add an environment variable called ACE_ROOT that contains the name of the root of the directory where you keep the ACE wrapper source tree. The ACE recursive Makefile scheme needs this information. There are several ways to set the ACE_ROOT variable. For instance, in my .login file I have the following entry:

    
      % setenv ACE_ROOT /home/cs/faculty/schmidt/ACE_wrappers

    However, if you're building a number of versions of ACE, e.g., for different OS platforms or for different releases of ACE, you might use the following approach: 

    
      % setenv ACE_ROOT $cwd
  3. Edit the $ACE_ROOT/ace/OS.h file to update things like default hostname and port numbers you'd like the programs in the $ACE_ROOT/{apps,tests} directories to use by default. Note, however that you can normally skip this step because the defaults are typically fine for most systems.

  4. Create (via ln -s or cp) a $ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h file that contains the appropriate platform/compiler-specific header configurations, e.g., 
    
% ln -s config-sunos5-sunc++-4.x.h config.h
    This file contains the #defines that are used throughout ACE to indicate which features your system supports (see the $ACE_ROOT/ace/OS.h file for many examples of how the ACE build configuration is affected by these macro settings). Make sure you settings are placed before the inclusion of the platform-specific header file.

    There are config files for most versions of UNIX. If there isn't a version of this file that matches your platform/compiler, you'll need to make one. Please send me email if you get it working so I can add it to the master ACE release.

  5. Create (via ln -s or cp) a $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU file that contains the appropriate platform/compiler-specific Makefile configurations, e.g., 
    
% ln -s platform_sunos5_sunc++.GNU platform_macros.GNU
    This file contains the compiler and Makefile directives that are platform/compiler-specific

  6. Note that because ACE builds shared libraries, you'll need to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to whereever you put the binary version of the ACE library. For example, you probably want to do something like the following

    
      % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

  7. When all this is done, hopefully all you'll need to do is type:

    
      % make

    at the root of the ACE source tree. This will build the ACE library, tests, the examples, and the sample applications. Building the entire ACE release can take a long time and consume lots of disk space, however. Therefore, you might consider cd'ing into the $ACE_ROOT/ace/ directory and running make there to build just the ACE library. As a sanity check, you might also want to build and run the automated "one-button" tests in $ACE_ROOT/tests/. Finally, if you're also planning on building TAO, you should build the gperf perfect hash function generator application in $ACE_ROOT/apps/gperf/.

  8. If you need to regenerate the Svc_Conf_y.cpp file, you'll need to get Berkeley YACC. However, you should rarely, if ever, need to do this.

Building and Installing ACE on Win32

Below are instructions for building ACE with Borland C++Builder, Microsoft Visual C++ and Mingw.

First, if you are upgrading from an older release, clean up everything and rebuild from scratch to ensure that everything is rebuilt correctly. You might have to manually go through the ACE directories and delete all *.obj, *.dll, *.lib, *.ilk, *.pdb, *.idb, *.ncb, *.opt, and *.exp files in order to start over from scratch (the Clean command in MSVC may not do this).

ACE contains project files for Microsoft Visual C++ 5.0 or later (*.dsw) and IBM's VisualAge C++ compiler (*.icc). There are also Makefile.bor files to compile ACE, the ACE one-button tests, and TAO with Borland C++ Builder.

Building and Installing ACE on Win32 with Borland C++Builder

If you are building for a machine without a network card, you may want to check here first.

  1. Uncompress the ACE distribution into a directory, where it will create an ACE_wrappers directory containing the source. The ACE_wrappers directory will be referred to as ACE_ROOT in the following steps -- so ACE_ROOT\ace would be C:\ACE_wrappers\ace if you uncompressed into the root directory.

  2. Create a file called config.h in the ACE_ROOT\ace directory that contains:

    #include "ace/config-win32.h"

    If you are building for Windows NT or Windows 2K then you can start without any more changes. If you are building on Windows 9x/Me, then you should add the line

    #define ACE_HAS_WINNT4 0

    before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h and it will turn off some WinNT/Win2K-specific code in ACE.

  3. Open a Command Prompt (DOS Box).

  4. Set the ACE_ROOT environment variable to point to the ACE_wrappers directory. For example:

    set ACE_ROOT=C:\ACE_wrappers

  5. Change to the ACE_ROOT\ace directory.

  6. Build release DLLs for ACE by going:

    make -f Makefile.bor

  7. You can build debug DLLs for ACE by setting the DEBUG environment variable before you run make:

    set DEBUG=1
    make -f Makefile.bor

  8. Optionally install the ACE header files, libraries and executables for use in your applications. Here we are installing them into C:\ACETAO:

    make -f Makefile.bor -DINSTALL_DIR=C:\ACETAO install

These instructions do not cover all possible build configurations. Please see http://www.tenermerx.com/tao_bcb/index.html for more detailed information on building and using ACE+TAO with Borland C++ Builder.

If you are using C++Builder 4, then the libraries built using the above instructions are intended for use with generic console or windows applications and they link against the corresponding C++ runtime library. VCL applications created using BCB4's RAD environment must link against the VCL-compatible (ie pascal-compatible) runtime library. To tell the difference between these libraries the VCL-compatible ones have a 'p' in the suffix (i.e., 'p' for pascal). To build VCL compatible libraries try 

set PASCAL=1
make -f Makefile.bor

The Borland C++ Builder 4.0/5.0 port has been done by Jody Hagins and Christopher Kohlhoff.

ACE TESTS

The tests are located in ACE_ROOT\tests. You build the tests using the Makefile.bor file, that is:

make -f Makefile.bor

Once you build all the tests, you can run a perl script:

run_test.pl -ExeSubDir Dynamic\Release

or the the batch file:

run_tests.bat bor

in the tests directory to try all the tests. You need to make sure the ACE bin directory (in this case ACE_ROOT\bin\Dynamic\Release) is on the path before you try to run the tests.

Building and Installing ACE on Win32 with Microsoft Visual C++

Note concerning MSVC 5.0 and Service Pack 3: There has been confusion regarding MSVC 5 and its Service Pack 3. Some ACE users have, in the past, had problems with SP3 that were not present in SP2. Thanks to the diligent efforts of Bill Fulton, the mystery appears to be solved. The key? (Oh, this is a good one...) It would appear that there are actually multiple versions of SP3 in existence. The earlier ones have the bug, while later ones have it fixed. The service pack downloadable from Microsoft's web site as of June 16, 1998 works fine. The CD containing SP3, if it has part number X03-50158 on the disc (the part number on the jacket is probably different), also works fine. Note, however, that regardless of the version of SP3, there are some STL bugs in SP3 which you should get corrected. Please see http://www.dinkumware.com/vc_fixes.html for details. Thank you to Ben Eng for the pointer to the STL fixes.

Right now there is a SP4 (and hopefully only one of them) which fixes a deadlock problem in the STL.

We no longer actively support MSVC 4.x or earlier. ACE might work with these compilers but probably not without a bit of effort.

  1. Uncompress the ACE distribution into a directory, where it will create a ACE_wrappers directory containing the distribution. The ACE_wrappers directory will be referred to as ACE_ROOT in the following steps -- so ACE_ROOT\ace would be C:\ACE_wrappers\ace if you uncompressed into the root directory.

  2. Create a file called config.h in the ACE_ROOT\ace directory that contains:

    #include "ace/config-win32.h"

  3. Now load up the project file for ACE (ACE_ROOT\ace\ace.dsw).

  4. Each project will contain several different configurations. These are a mixture of Debug/Release, MFC/Non-MFC, and Static/Dynamic library versions. Make sure you are building the one you'll use (for example, the debug tests need the debug version of ACE, and so on). All these different configurations are provided for your convenience. You can either adopt the scheme to build your applications with different configurations, or use ace/config.h to tweak with the default settings on NT.
    Note: If you use the dynamic libraries, make sure you include ACE_ROOT\bin in your PATH whenever you run programs that uses ACE. Otherwise you may experience problems finding ace.dll or aced.dll.

  5. If you are building for Windows NT or Windows 2K then you can start building without anymore changes. If you are building on Windows 9x/Me, then you should add the line

    #define ACE_HAS_WINNT4 0

    before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h and it will turn off some WinNT/Win2K-specific code in ACE.

  6. If you want to use the standard C++ headers (iostream, cstdio, ... as defined by the C++ Standard Draft 2) that comes with MSVC, then add the line:

    #define ACE_HAS_STANDARD_CPP_LIBRARY 1

    before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h.

  7. To use ACE with MFC libraries, also add the following to your config.h file. Notice that if you want to spawn a new thread with CWinThread, make sure you spawn the thread with THR_USE_AFX flag set.

    #define ACE_HAS_MFC 1

    By default, all of the ACE projects use the DLL versions of the MSVC run-time libraries. You can still choose use the static (LIB) versions of ACE libraries regardless of run-time libraries. The reason we chose to link only the dynamic run-time library is that almost every NT box has these library installed and to save disk space. If you prefer to link MFC as a static library into ACE, you can do this by defining ACE_USES_STATIC_MFC in your config.h file. However, if you would like to link everything (including the MSVC run-time libraries) statically, you'll need to modify the project files in ACE yourself.

  8. Static version of ACE libraries are build with ACE_AS_STATIC_LIBS
    defined. This macro should also be used in application projects that link to static ACE libraries

    Optionally you can also add the line

    #define ACE_NO_INLINE

    before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h to disable inline function and reduce the size of static libraries (and your executables.)

  9. ACE DLL and LIB naming scheme:

    We use the following rules to name the DLL and LIB files in ACE when using MSVC.

    "Library/DLL name" + (Is static library ? "s" : "") + (Is Debugging enable ? "d" : "") + {".dll"|".lib"}

More information for ACE/TAO on MSVC can be found here. The doxygen version of this document is available under Related Topics in the ACE Library.

ACE TESTS

The tests are located in ACE_ROOT\tests. There is also a workspace in that directory to build all the tests (tests.dsw)

Once you build all the tests (Batch Build works well for this), you can run perl script run_test.pl or the the batch file run_tests.bat in the tests directory to try all the tests.

BUILDING ACE ON A WIN32 MACHINE THAT LACKS A NETWORK CARD

You may want to run ACE on a non-networked machine. To do so, you must install TCP/IP and configure it to ignore the absence of a network card. This is one method:

  1. Run Control Panel
  2. Choose Network from Control Panel
  3. Add Adapter: MS Loopback Adapter
  4. Configure MS Loopback Adapter with 802.3 (default)
  5. Add Protocol: TCP/IP Protocol
  6. Configure TCP/IP Protocol with a valid IP address and subnet mask. Leave everything else at the default settings.
  7. Add Service: Workstation
  8. Exit and Restart System
  9. Run Control Panel again
  10. Choose Services from Control Panel
  11. The following services are not necessary and may be set to Disabled Startup:
    Alerter
    Computer Browser
    Net logon
    Messanger
  12. Choose Network from Control Panel
  13. Confirm the following setup. This is all you need to run ACE:
    Installed Software:
    Computer Browser
    MS Loopback Adapter Driver
    TCP/IP Protocol
    Workstation
    Installed Adapter Cards:
    MS Loopback Adapter

WIN32 ALPHA CONFIGURATIONS

The project files for Visual C++ no longer contain any configurations targetted to Windows NT on the DEC Alpha. Below are the steps needed to recreate the Alpha configurations:

  1. Load the project on the Alpha machine.
  2. Go to the Build menu and then select Configurations.
  3. Select the project that you want to convert.
  4. Click on Add.
  5. Select the x86 configuration to "Copy settings from" (either Debug or Release versions).
  6. Prepend "Alpha " to the beginning of the name under "Configuration".
  7. Click OK.
  8. Close the "Configurations" window.
  9. Now go to the Project settings.
  10. For the General Settings, change the output directories to standard ACE output directories. Intermediate Directories are "Debug" and "Release" in most cases. The Output Directories are blank, except for Release versions of executables, in which it is also "Release".
  11. For the C/C++ Settings, make sure that the Code Generation's runtime library is set to "Multithreaded DLL" or "Debug Multithreaded DLL".

Note: MSVC 6 has a bug where if a .dsp is converted from version 5 to 6 on x86, the Alpha configuration can get corrupted. This seems to happen when additional include or library directories are specified using backslashes instead of forward slashes. If this occurs, the easiest way to fix it is to recreate it.

Building and Installing ACE on Win32 with Mingw

If you are building for a machine without a network card, you may want to check here first.

Building and installing ACE on Mingw uses a mix of a UNIX building process and Win32 configuration files. Also, as Mingw uses GNU g++, you may want to take a look at the Compiling ACE with GNU g++ section.

You will need the Mingw build tools and libraries, downloable from http://www.mingw.org. For our build we required the following packages:

gcc, binutils, ld, libbfd, mingw-runtime, w32api.

You will also need GNU make for Win32 and the set of UNIX tools that the ACE UNIX build system uses (this include but is not limited to sh, rm, cp). For this purpose you can grab the cygwin distribution from http://cygwin.com.

Be careful, because cygwin includes it's own version of the compiler and build tools, you will need to have the Mingw build tools before the cygwin set on you PATH environment variable (more on this later). The steps we followed in the build are:

  1. Install cygwin (this can be easy downloading and running setup.exe from the cygwin site).

  2. Install the Mingw tools. Download all the needed packages (see above) and unpack them on the same base directory, say c:/mingw32. If some of the packages are distributed on .tar.gz format, you may need to use the cygwin version of the tar utility.

  3. Open a cygwin shell. Set your PATH environment variable so your Mingw's bin directory is first: 
           % export PATH=//c/mingw32/bin:$PATH

    Note cygwin uses ``/'' as directory separator, and ``//X'' as a notation for Win32 drive X. Note also that you can't use ``c:/mingw32/bin'' because, for cygwin, ``:'' is path separator character, as in UNIX.

  4. Add an ACE_ROOT environment variable pointing to the root of your ACE wrappers source tree: 
           % export ACE_ROOT=c:/work/mingw/ACE_wrappers

    Note here you can't use the ``//X'' cygwin notation as this is seen by Mingw's compiler and it doesn't support that (it does support ``/'' as directory separator however).

    From now on, we will refer to the root directory of the ACE source tree as $ACE_ROOT.

  5. Add a MINGW_BASE environment variable pointing to the root of your Mingw instalation. Following the above example, set: 
           % export MINGW_BASE=c:/mingw32
    Again, use Mingw syntax and not cygwin syntax for the directory specification.

  6. Create a file called config.h in the $ACE_ROOT/ace directory that contains: 
           #include "ace/config-win32.h"
    If you are building for Windows 9X/Me (ie, not WinNT or Win2K), you will need to add: 
           #define ACE_HAS_WINNT4 0
    before the #include line. Also, if you don't have Winsock 2 (check the SYSTEM and/or SYSTEM32 subdirectories of the windows instalation directory for ws2_32.dll), you will need 
           #define ACE_HAS_WINSOCK2 0
    before the #include line. On NT 4, Windows 98 and later versions, you surely have Winsock 2. In Windows 95, including OSR2, you may don't have it if it wasn't specially installed. You may download it from the microsoft site. This is recommended as much ACE functionality depends on Winsock 2, and ACE without Winsock 2 support is tested very infrequently.

  7. Create a file called platform_macros.GNU in the $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude directory containing: 
           include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_mingw32.GNU
    In the above text, don't replace $(ACE_ROOT) with the actual directory, GNU make will take the value from the environment variable you defined previously. If you lack Winsock 2, add the line 
           winsock2 = 0
    before the previous one.

  8. On the cygwin shell, change to the $ACE_ROOT/ace directory and run make: 
           % cd $ACE_ROOT/ace
       % make

    This should create libACE.dll (the Win32 shared library) and libACE.dll.a (the Win32 import library for the DLL). Note the name for the ACE DLL on Mingw follows the Mingw convention, that resembles UNIX.

    If you want static libs also, you may run: 

           % make static_libs=1
  9. The same rules for Win32 search of DLLs apply for Mingw. If you want to run some ACE programs from the cygwin shell, you may need to add the directory for libACE.dll to your PATH: 
           # export PATH=//c/work/mingw/ACE_wrappers/ace:$PATH
ACE TESTS

The tests are located in $ACE_ROOT/tests. After building the library, you can change to that directory and run make: 

       % cd $ACE_ROOT/tests
       % make

Once you build all the tests, you can run run_tests.sh in the tests directory to try all the tests: 

       % run_tests.sh

If you are using ACE as a DLL, you will need to modify your PATH variable as explained above.

You may want to check $ACE_ROOT/tests/README for the status of the various tests on Mingw and the different Windows flavors.

Building and Installing ACE on VxWorks

For the most part, you should be able to follow the instructions above to build ACE and applications that use it. Start with the Unix instructions above to build ACE and the applications that use it. Please see below for more information on building ACE on NT hosts for VxWorks targets.

A few notes on VxWorks builds (thanks to Paul von Behren for these notes):

You'll have to let ACE know the target type at compile time. There are several ways to do this; please see the $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.x_g++.GNU platform file for detailed information.

The VxWorks platform_vxworks*.GNU files are set up so that shared libraries are not built on VxWorks, by default. Only static libraries, with .a extension, are built. Therefore, it's not necessary to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable on your host system when building for VxWorks targets. Please note, however, if you use TAO on VxWorks that you will need to set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH to find the TAO IDL compiler libraries (installed in the ace directory) on the host.

With g++, $ACE_ROOT/bin/ace_ld is used to munch object files and libraries to set up calls to static constructors and destructors. bin/ace_ld requires perl on the host platform.

These non-default VxWorks kernel configuration #defines are required with ACE:

#define INCLUDE_CPLUS           /* include C++ support */
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS /* include iostreams classes */
#define INCLUDE_POSIX_ALL       /* include all available POSIX functions */
For completeness, here are the non-default #defines that we used for VxWorks 5.3.1/g++ 2.7.2: 
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS           /* include C++ support */
#define INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS /* include iostreams classes */
#define INCLUDE_CONFIGURATION_5_2 /* pre-tornado tools */
#define INCLUDE_DEBUG           /* pre-tornado debugging */
#define INCLUDE_LOADER          /* object module loading */
#define INCLUDE_NET_SYM_TBL     /* load symbol table from network */
#define INCLUDE_SYM_TBL_SYNC    /* synchronize host and target symbol tables */
#define INCLUDE_NFS             /* nfs package */
#define INCLUDE_PING            /* ping() utility */
#define INCLUDE_POSIX_ALL       /* include all available POSIX functions */
#define INCLUDE_RDB             /* remote debugging package */
#define INCLUDE_RLOGIN          /* remote login */
#define INCLUDE_RPC             /* rpc package */
#define INCLUDE_SECURITY        /* shell security for network access */
#define INCLUDE_SHELL           /* interactive c-expression interpreter */
#define INCLUDE_SHOW_ROUTINES   /* show routines for system facilities*/
#define INCLUDE_SPY             /* spyLib for task monitoring */
#define INCLUDE_STARTUP_SCRIPT  /* execute start-up script */
#define INCLUDE_STAT_SYM_TBL    /* create user-readable error status */
#define INCLUDE_SYM_TBL         /* symbol table package */
#define INCLUDE_UNLOADER        /* object module unloading */
#define INCLUDE_WINDVIEW        /* WindView command server */
Also, automatic construction/destruction of static objects should be enabled.

If you use TAO, it's also a good idea to increase the NUM_FILES parameter from its default of 50 to, say, 1000.

Please note that those VxWorks kernel configuration parameters are set in the VxWorks configAll.h file. You must rebuild your VxWorks kernel after modifying that file.

If you're first getting started with ACE and/or VxWorks, I recommend just building the ACE library and tests first. (Some of the ACE examples, in System_V_IPC, don't build on VxWorks yet.) Then try running the tests. Please see $ACE_ROOT/tests/README for the latest status of the ACE tests on VxWorks.

Please note that the main entry point is renamed to ace_main (configurable via ACE_MAIN) on VxWorks with g++, to comply with its restriction against using main. In addition, ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER is enabled by default to cleanly support construction and destruction of static objects. Please see the Non-static ACE_Object_Manager discussion for the important implication of this feature.

ACE threads (VxWorks tasks) can be named, for example, by supplying a non-null argument to the Thread_Manager spawn routines. However, names beginning with "==ace_t==" are forbidden because that prefix is used internally by ACE.

You can spawn a new task to run ace_main, using either VxWorks sp, or ACE'S spa. spa can be used from the VxWorks shell to pass arguments to ace_main. Its usage is: 


spa ace_main, "arg1" [, ...]
All arguments must be quoted, even numbers.

The ACE tests write their output files in a directory named log/, below the current (tests) directory. If you don't have NFS included in your VxWorks kernel, you can use these steps, provided by Clarence M. Weaver, to run the tests and capture their output:

  1. What I did was create a log directory on the boot NT host of my vxworks target.

  2. I copied all the test applications and the run_tests.vxworks script to the parent of the log directory.

  3. Using the target shell not the host shell, I "cd" to the directory containing the script and test programs.

  4. Invoked the script < run_tests.vxworks from this target shell.

Kirk Davies provided this approach for running the ACE tests on Tornado II:
Building Shared Libraries for VxWorks.
ACE supports shared libraries for VxWorks, but only with the g++ compiler. To build shared libraries instead of the default static libraries, added shared_libs=1 (not shared_libs_only=1) to either your ACE_wrappers/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU or your make invocation. Then, be sure to load the ACE (and any other) shared library before loading your executable(s).

A shared library for VxWorks uses the same code as for a static (non-shared) library. However, calls to static constructors/ destructors are added. The code in the shared library must be reentrant if you shared it between programs (tasks). The ACE library meets this requirement.

Shared libraries reduce build time, executable size, and load time of the executable. But, you must manually load the shared library before loading your executable(s) with a command such as: 


-> ld < libACE.so
Shared libraries can be unloaded the same way an executable (module) is unloaded.

NOTE: Shared libraries on VxWorks aren't the same as shared libraries on other operating systems. In particular, there is no support for creating copies of writeable global (static) data in the shared library. This includes the singleton ACE_Object_Manager instance pointer. If you share global data between separate programs, they may not work properly. See the discussion of shared code and reentrancy in the VxWorks' Programmers Guide.

Instead of trying to run separate programs onto a VxWorks target, we recommend creating just one program, and spawning a thread for each task. The TAO IDL_Cubit test collocation test is a good example.

Linking ACE and/or TAO Libraries into the VxWorks Kernel.
It's easy to link your ACE and/or TAO libraries into the VxWorks kernel. Just build shared versions, but disable the munch step. The easiest way to do that is to set the LD make variable to the name of your linker. For example, to build a libACE.so for PowerPC that can be linked into the kernel: 
% cd $ACE_ROOT/ace
% make LD=ldppc shared_libs=1
After building the shared lib, link it into the kernel by setting the MACH_EXTRA make variable in the kernel configuration Makefile. Then, build the kernel using make exe.

Building ACE on Tornado/NT hosts for VxWorks targets.
The following, very useful information was contributed by Chris Ryan and Paul von Behren. Please submit corrections, additions, or clarifications to the the ACE mailing list.

NOTE:The make (version 3.74) that is provided with Tornado II cannot be used to build ACE. Use Cygnus' make (version 3.75) instead.)

NOTE:Optimization is enabled be default in platform_vxworks5.x_g++.GNU. However, the compiler that is shipped with Tornado II has trouble compiling some files with -O2. To disable optimization for an individual file, just add optimize=0 to your make invocation when compiling that file.

Using the Cygnus tools, this approach works:

A few additional Windows Notes, from Paul von Behren:

And Chris Ryan's instructions for building for VxWorks targets on Windows NT hosts:
  1. Path setting that seems to be working is:

          /tornado/host/x86-win32/bin:
      /tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/i386-wrs-vxworks/cygnus-2.7.2-960126:
      /tornado/host/x86-win32/i386-wrs-vxworks/bin:
      /ace/ace_wrappers/bin:
      /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin:
      /gnuwin32/b18/tcl/bin:
      /WINNT/system32:
      /WINNT:
      /WINNT/system32/nls/ENGLISH:
      /bin
    Other environment variables:

          WIND_BASE=/tornado
      SHELL=/bin/sh.exe
      TERM=pcbios
      TAO_ROOT=/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks/TAO
      CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.EXE
      GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=/tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/
      WIND_HOST_TYPE=x86-win32
      ACE_ROOT=/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks
  2. /tornado is the root of the Tornado install ($WIND_BASE).
  3. /gnuwin32 is the root of a Cygnus GNU download and install.
  4. /bin content is:

          aced.dll
      cygwin.dll
      perl.exe
      rm.exe
      sh.exe
      true
    aced.dll is produced in an ACE NT source tree according to documented procedure for NT VC++5.0 ACE build. cygwin.dll is from the Cygnus GNU software download and install.
  5. Basically, follow documented procedure for ACE build/install on UNIX platform. Create a $ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h that looks like:

          #include "config-vxworks5.x.h"
    And create a $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU that looks like:

          WIND_BASE = /tornado
      WIND_HOST_TYPE = x86-win32
      CPU = I80486
      include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.x_g++.GNU
  6. When using cygnus windows GNUTools on WinNT you have to start make with "--unix" option, otherwise WinNT shell cmd.exe is responded and not sh.exe, i.e., 
     make --unix static_libs=1
TAO on NT Tornado host, VxWorks target.
  1. Build ACE and TAO_IDL in the NT tree as already documented. As mentioned above, I put aced.dll in /bin. Be sure to build ACE's gperf on NT, in ACE_wrappers/apps/gperf/src.

  2. Build $TAO_ROOT/tao 
          CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.exe
      cd $TAO_ROOT/tao
      /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make
  3. Build orbsvcs. 
          CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.exe
      cd $TAO_ROOT/orbsvcs/orbsvcs
      /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make
  4. Build $TAO_ROOT/tests

  Jaffar Shaikh's Notes for Building ACE and TAO for VxWorks on NT host

Scenario: I was building the ACE and TAO for VxWorks = on NT. The target system was a PPC860 based chassis and another a NT = host based card.

Host System:

NT 4.0 workstation with 128 M RAM, 266MHz Pentium.

Software Needed For Building TAO

1) PERL: Active State's ActivePerl 5.6.0.618 for NT available as = freeware from = http://www.ActiveState.com/download/contrib/Microsoft/NT/InstMsi.exe =

2) Tornado II .Release V 9904 from Windriver.

3) Cygwin GNU to build TAO. It is available for NT as a freeware = from

http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/

The Cygwin Make (version 3.75) can only build the TAO not the = Tornado II make (version 3.74)

Environment Variables:

On NT the environment Variables are set as follows, (from = Control Panel-> System -> Environment)

I added following Environment variable entries to PATH

C:\Perl\bin\;

C:\tornado\host\x86-win32\bin;

C:\tornado\host\x86-win32\powerpc-wrs-vxworks\bin;

C:\tornado\host\x86-win32\lib\gcc-lib\powerpc-wrs-vxworks\cygnus-2.7.= 2-960126;

C:\Corba\Ace_wrappers\bin;

C:\Cygwin\bin;

C:\Cygwin\usr\bin;

C:\bin

Additional Environmental variables and the values,

CPU=PPC860

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=

SHELL=/bin/sh.exe

ACE_ROOT=/Corba/ACE_wrappers

WIND_BASE=/tornado

SHELL=/bin/sh.exe

TERM=pcbios

TAO_ROOT=/Corba/ACE_wrapper/Tao

CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/Microsoft Visual = Studio/VC98/Bin/CL.exe

GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=/tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/

WIND_HOST_TYPE=x86-win32

PERL_PATH=/perl/bin/perl.exe

Directories of importance

C:\Corba <-- Ace_wrappers (uzipped)

C:\tornado <-- Tornado installed

C:\Perl <-- Perl installed

C:\Cygwin <-- Cygwin installed

C:\bin <-- Copy these files,

Ace.dll, <-- After you build Ace

gperf.exe <-- After you build gperf

Cygwin1.dll, <-- After you install Cygwin

perl.exe, <-- After you install Perl

rm.exe <-- After you install Cygwin

sh.exe <-- After you install Cygwin

true <-- After you install Cygwin

Create Files

1) C:\Corba\ACE_Wrappers\ace\config.h

with entry

#if defined (_MSC_VER) || (__BORLANDC__)

#include "ace/config-win32.h"

#undef ACE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

#else

#include "ace/config-vxworks5.x.h"

#define ACE_HAS_IP_MULTICAST

#endif

2) C:\Corba\ACE_wrappers\include\makeinclude\platform_macros.GNU

WIND_BASE = /tornado

WIND_HOST_TYPE = x86-win32

include = $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.x_g++.GNU

ACE_COMPONENTS=FOR_TAO (you may choose this option to build ACE = library that supports TAO)

 

Steps to Build

1) Build Ace.dll under NT

In MS Visual C++ open C:\Corba\ACE_wrappers\ace.dsw And build Ace = DLL

Copy Ace.dll in C:\bin

2) Build gperf utility under NT

In MS Visual C++ open = C:\Corba\ACE_wrappers\apps\gperf\src\gperf.dsw. Build gperf.exe

Copy gperf.exe to C:\bin

3) Mount Directries in Cygwin

Click on Cygnus Solutions -> Cygwin Bash Shell

Mount following directories by using mount command.

create respective directories first then use mount command

e.g. Create /Corba directory then use $mount -s "C:\Corba" = /Corba

C:\Corba mount to /Corba

C:\tornado mount to /tornado

C:\Perl mount to /perl

C:\Cygwin mount to /cygwin

C:\bin mount to /bin

C:\Program Files mount to /Program Files

4) Build ACE in Cygwin

$cd /Corba/ACE_wrappers/ace

$make static_libs=1

This will build your ace library libACE.a for VxWorks. If you use = option shared_libs=1 then the build will be libACE.so. The other = options are same as follows.

5) Build TAO in Cygwin

$cd $TAO_ROOT/tao

$make debug=0 optimize=1 static_libs_only=1 minimum_orb=1 =

for shared libs use shared_libs=1

The minimum Tao does not have following components,

Dynamic Skeleton Interface

Dynamic Invocation Interface

Dynamic Any

Interceptors

Interface Repository

Advanced POA features

CORBA/COM interworking

You may play around with above options to find suitable build for = your needs. For example when you give option debug=1 all the debug = symbols will be created and the build will huge in size. The debug = symbols are necessary when you want to debug your code.

Building and Installing ACE Network Services

The following explains how to build the ACE network services on UNIX and Win32.

Building and Installing ACE Network Services on UNIX

Building and installing ACE Network Services on UNIX is relatively simple (the process for Win32 is different). Here's what you need to do:

  1. Build and install ACE on UNIX as described earlier. If ACE is built at the root of the ACE source tree (and ACE has been ported to your platform, of course) the netsvcs static and shared object libraries should be built automatically. In addition, the server driver program (main) contained in $ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/servers/main.cpp should also be compiled and ready to run.

  2. Set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to where the binary version of the ACE netsvcs library. For example, you probably want to do something like the following

    
      % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

  3. By default, if the shared object library is built, the services are linked into the main driver program dynamically. To specify which services should be linked in and executed, edit the $ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/servers/svc.conf file. During your editing, you should update information (such as the default service port numbers) that affects the initialization of services in this file. Refer to the Service Configurator documentation to learn how the configuration file is parsed and how the services are dynamically linked and executed. In addition, refer to the Network Services documentation to learn more about how to configure each network service.

  4. If you only want to link the services statically, simply remove or rename the svc.conf file.

Building and Installing ACE on RTEMS

export RTEMS_MAKEFILE_PATH=/opt/rtems/CPU-rtems/BSP # setup the build structure cd ACE_wrappers # create the host (e.g. Linux in this case) build tree ./bin/create_ace_build Linux_g++ cd build/Linux_g++/ace ln -s ../../../ace/config-linux.h config.h cd ../include/makeinclude/ ln -s ../../../../include/makeinclude/platform_linux.GNU platform_macros.GNU cd ../../../.. # create the target build tree ./bin/create_ace_build rtems cd build/rtems/TAO /bin/rm -r TAO_IDL ln -s ../../Linux_g++/TAO/TAO_IDL . cd ../ace ln -s ../../../ace/config-rtems.h config.h cd ../include/makeinclude/ ln -s ../../../../include/makeinclude/platform_rtems.x_g++.GNU platform_macros.GNU cd ../../../.. # build the host side of things cd build/Linux_g++ export ACE_ROOT=`pwd`; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH cd ace make # optionally build the ACE tests cd ../tests make cd ../TAO make # build the target side of things cd ../rtems export ACE_ROOT=`pwd` cd ace make cd ../tests # build rtems_init.o by hand make -f ../include/makeinclude/Makefile.rtems rtems_init.o make cd ../TAO make

Building and Installing ACE Network Services on Win32

Once again, there are supplied project for MSVC 5.0 or later for the Network Services.

What Do I Need to Build for TAO?

Toshio Hori <toshi@etl.go.jp> provided these suggestions on building just what's needed for (a subset of) TAO:

I usually make: 

    $ACE_ROOT/ace,
    $ACE_ROOT/apps/gperf,
    $TAO_ROOT/tao,
    $TAO_ROOT/TAO_IDL, and
    $TAO_ROOT/orbsvcs/orbsvcs
and the whole make takes less than an hour on my Solaris 7 for intel, Pentium-III/550MHz, 256MB memory, 512MB swap machine. (Top secret: I renice the 'make' process to the highest priority, -20... ;-) To save time and space, I set 
    TAO_ORBSVCS = Naming Time Trader ImplRepo
in $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU also. See TAO's orbsvcs library customization instructions for more information.

System Resource Requirements

The amount of system resources required to build ACE and TAO varies greatly. Platform, build options, and components built primarily influence the required system resources. As a rough guide, the typical peak memory requirement could be well over 256 Mb (notably, for TAO's orbsvcs). An entire build of ACE and TAO can use well over 1300 Mb of disk space. It's usually not necessary to build all of ACE and TAO, though.

Much less disk space is required for just the libraries. For example, see the ACE library subset sizes.

If you run out of memory when building, you might consider trying some or all of these suggestions:

Advanced Topics

Non-static ACE_Object_Manager

The ACE_Object_Manager can be instantiated as a static object, can be instantiated on the stack of the main program thread, or can be explicitly instantiated and destroyed by the application with ACE::init () and ACE::fini (). The comments in the header file, ace/Object_Manager.h provide more detail.

NOTE: Special requirements are imposed on applications if the ACE_Object_Manager is instantiated, by ACE, on the stack of the main thread. This behavior is selected by defining ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER in ace/config.h. Again, see the ACE Object_Manager header file, ace/Object_Manager.h for more information. One of these requirements is discussed here, because it is so important. Please note that ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER is defined in the distributed ACE config.h headers for VxWorks and Win32.

The important requirement is that the program must declare its main function with two arguments, even if they're not used, and with int return type: 


int
main (int, char *[])
If you don't declare main exactly that way, then you'll see a link error about ace_main_i being undefined.

Alternatively, this feature can be disabled by commenting out the #define ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER in the ace/config.h. But, that will make repeated testing more difficult on VxWorks. And, you'd either have to call static constructors and destructors manually or unload/load the program between runs. On Win32, disabling the feature can possibly lead to shutdown difficulties.

WARNING: ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER assumes that your main function is named main. Any violation of this assumption is at your peril. If you really need to call your entry point something other than main, you'll need to construct and destroy the ACE_Object_Manager. The best way to do that is to call ACE::init () and ACE::fini (). Or, see the #define of main (int, char *[]) in ace/OS.h to see how ACE does that for entry points named main.

Cloning the Source Tree

On UNIX platforms, we typically like to support multiple platform builds using the same ACE source tree. This idiom is supported by ACE using the $ACE_ROOT/bin/create_ace_build script or $ACE_ROOT/bin/clone.cpp program. To use build and use the clone program, first make sure there's a file called platform_macros.GNU that contains the correct platform-specific Makefile configurations in the $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/ directory, as well as making sure there's a $ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h file that includes the desired platform/compiler specific configuration header. Then perform the following steps:

% cd $ACE_ROOT/bin
% make
% mv clone ~/bin
% rehash

Then create a ./build subdirectory someplace, e.g., under $ACE_ROOT. Once this is done, then invoke the top-level Makefile with the "clone" target, e.g.:

% cd $ACE_ROOT
% mkdir build-SunOS5
% cd build-SunOS5
% make -f ../Makefile clone
% setenv ACE_ROOT $cwd
% make

This will establish a complete tree of links. In addition, make sure you set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH to $ACE_ROOT/ace:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH on SVR4 UNIX platforms.

When you do a make in the $ACE_ROOT directory you will be producing object code that is not stored in the same place as the original source tree. This way, you can easily build another platform in a parallel tree structure.

VERY IMPORTANT!

If you use the "clone trick" discussed above, make sure that the symbolic links are correctly in place before starting the build. In particular, if you plan to clone the tree, it is preferable to do so before you start a build procedure on the original tree. This is because the build procedure create object directories (.obj and .shobj) and the cloning procedure will clone these directories also. You would end up with links pointing to object files of another platform. If you clone the tree after you've done a build on the original tree, make sure to remove all ".obj", ".shobj" and (any other files or directories) in all subdirectories before starting the build on your cloned tree.

Alternatively, the perl script ACE_wrappers/bin/create_ace_build can be used to create build trees. It creates them below ACE_wrappers/build. It filters out all but the necessary files, so the warning above does not apply. See the comments at the top of the script itself for usage information.

Building CORBA Versions of ACE

Note that if you are compiling with IONA's Orbix implementation of CORBA or Visigenix's implementation of CORBA, you'll also need to set ORBIX_ROOT to point to the root of the Orbix source tree and ORBELINE_ROOT to point to the root of the ORBeline source tree. Since many platforms don't have these CORBA tools the default for ACE does *not* incorporate them. Thus, if you are compiling with Orbix or ORBeline, make sure that you set up $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU and $ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h to use the config* and platform* files that have "-orbix" in them!

Additional Build Tips for MVS

For all intents and purpose, MVS OpenEdition (OE) is another flavor of UNIX, therefore, the instructions under Building and Installing ACE on Unix can be used along with the following additional tips:

You can get a copy of GNU make that has been ported to MVS OpenEdition from the IBM OpenEdition web site. ACE's make scheme generates compile commands that have options and operands interspersed. By default, the c89/cc/c++ compiler expects all options to precede all operands. To get around this, you must set a special compiler environment variable (_CXX_CCMODE) to 1 which tells the compiler to allow options and operands to be interspersed.

Note that the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH is called LIBPATH on MVS.

Shared objects are built a little different on MVS than on other UNIX implementations. This has been accounted for in the makefiles that come with ACE When the linker (via the cxx command) builds the libACE.so file it will also create a file called libACE.x. This is a side-deck file and it must be included in subsequent link edits with application code. For more information on this see the C/C++ MVS Programming Guide. If you want to build your application statically, i.e., using libACE.a instead of libACE.so, you can set ACELIB to ACELIB_STATIC in platform_mvs.GNU.

When the libACE.so file is built (via the MVS pre-linker and binder), you will get a rc=4 from the pre-linker. This is ok. This is due to some warnings about unresolved references which should get resolved during the link step. Note, however, there shouldn't be any unresolved references from the binder (linkage editor). You can get pre-link and link maps by uncommenting the PMAP and LMAP lines in the platform_mvs.GNU file.

Makefile Flags

GNU make provides many options to customize its operation. See its documentation for more information. One example is that for multi-cpu UNIX machines you will be able to build faster if you use:


% make -j n

which allows parallel compilation. The number n should typically be the number of CPUs. It is likely that builds will be faster even on single-CPU UNIX machines with make -j 2.

ACE further supports the following flags. They can be enabled either on the command line, e.g., "make purify=1", or added to your platform_macros.GNU. To disable the option, set the flag to null, e.g., "make debug=". Some flags support setting to 0 disable, e.g., "make debug=0". debug=1 is enabled in the platform files that are released with ACE.

Please note that the effects of a flag may be platform specific. Also, combinations of certain flags may or may not be allowed on specific platforms, e.g., debug=1 opt=1 is supported by g++ but not all other C++ compilers.

If you use Purify or Quantify: purify or quantify must be on your PATH. By default, ACE puts the Purify/Quantify caches below /tmp. To override that, set the PURE_CACHE_BASE_DIR variable, either in your environment or on the make make command line, to the destination directory for your instrumented libraries.

Flag             Description
----             -----------
debug            Enable debugging; see DCFLAGS and DCCFLAGS.
exceptions       Enable exception handling (not supported by all platforms).
fast             Enable -fast option, e.g., with Sun C++.
inline           Enable ACE inlining.  Some platforms enable inlining by
                   default, others do not.
optimize         Enable optimization; see OCFLAGS and OCCFLAGS.
orbix            Enable use of Orbix.
probe            Enable ACE_Timeprobes.
profile          Enable profiling; see PCFLAGS and PCCFLAGS.
purify           Purify all executables.
quantify         Quantify all executables.
repo             Use GNU template repository (g++ with repo patches and
                   egcs only).
rtti             Enable run-time type identification.  On some platforms,
                   it is enabled by default, so this is ignored.
shared_libs      Build shared libraries. Ignored if static_libs_only is set.
static_libs      Build shared libraries. Ignored if shared_libs_only is set.
shared_libs_only Only build shared libraries.  Ignored if no SHLIBs are
                   specified by the Makefile, as in performance-tests/Misc.
static_libs_only Only build static libraries.
threads          Build with thread support.
xt_reactor       Build the XtReactor.

Usually, users do not need to be concerned with make targets.
Just enter "make" on the command line to build.  A few notable
targets are listed below.

Target             Description
------             -----------
show_statics       Lists all static objects in object files built for
                     current directory.  Only supported for g++.
show_uninit        Lists all uninitialized in object files built for
                     current directory.  Only supported for g++.

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