# Building and Installing ACE and Its Auxiliary Libraries and Services

## Synopsis

The file explains how to build and install ACE, its Network Services, test suite and examples on the various OS platforms and compilers that it has been ported to. Please consult the NEWS and ChangeLog files to see whether any recent changes to the release will affect your code. In addition, you should check out our development process. As you start working with ACE, we suggest you get copies of the C++NPv1, C++NPv2, and APG books to help guide you after you've built and installed ACE. You should also consult the ACE Frequently Made Mistakes page. If you encounter any problems or would like to request an enhancement, then use our bug tracking system to submit a report in accordance with our bug report process.

## Document Index

- Platforms, C++ Compilers, and Support
- Installation prerequisites
- Building and Installing ACE
- Building and Installing ACE Network Services
- Building and Installing The ACE_SSL Library
- Building and Using GUI Reactors Libraries
- Installation Notes
- Compiling ACE with GNU g++
- What Do I Need to Build for TAO?
- System Resource Requirements
- General MPC Information
- Working with ACE in Eclipse
- Advanced Topics
- Building from Subversion

## Platforms, C++ Compilers, and Support

ACE has been ported to a large number of platforms using many different compilers over the years. The DOC group, Riverace, OCI, Remedy IT, and members of the ACE user community have all contributed ports to make ACE the successful and far-reaching toolkit it is today. Any UNIX/POSIX/Windows variation is probably an easy target platform for ACE. If you have porting questions or have a problem compiling the ACE source distribution, please contact one of the commercial support companies, or send a copy of the PROBLEM-REPORT-FORM, located in the ACE_wrappers directory, to either the ACE Newsgroup or the ace-users mailing list. The DOC groups at Washington University, UC Irvine, and Vanderbilt University provide only "best effort" support for non-sponsors for the latest release, as described in docs/ACE-bug-process.html. Thus, if you need more "predictable" help, or help with earlier versions of ACE, it's recommend that you check out the list of commercial support companies for additional assistance.

The responsibility for maintaining ACE across the wide range of supported platforms is divided among a few different groups:

- The DOC group maintains platforms used in the course of their research and sponsored work
- Companies that provide support (Riverace, OCI, and Remedy IT), maintain platforms they support in the course of their various service offerings
- The ACE user community maintains any other desired platforms.

The build scoreboard records the current status of build and regression testing during development by all of the above groups. It is available to all users wishing to provide build results. Members of the ACE community that maintain ACE on platforms not maintained by the DOC group, Riverace, OCI, or Remedy IT are encouraged to provide build and regression test results for the scoreboard to ensure that all in-use platforms are represented. See the autobuild README for more information about how to set up a build; contact one of the above groups to inquire about how to get your build results recorded on the scoreboard.

Because older platforms that are not maintained tend to fall into a broken state and clutter the ACE sources with code that is no longer used, the development team reserves the right to remove ACE configuration files and source code specific to inactive platform configurations that are not listed on the scoreboard.

The table below summarizes each group's role and where you can get more detailed information. For information on TAO's platform coverage and support, please also see TAO's install document.

Groups Involved in ACE Development and Support
Group | Platforms | For more information
--- | --- | ---
DOC Group | Windows 2000, XP (MSVC++ 7.1, 8, 9, and 10); many versions of Linux/Intel (many compilers). | DOC sites at ISIS, UCI and Washington University
Riverace | Offers ACE training, support and consulting services for many platforms including AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, and Windows. | Riverace's ACE Support page.
OCI | Maintains ACE on certain platforms required for their TAO software and service offerings. | OCI's web site and the TAO install document
Remedy IT | Maintains ACE on many platforms required for their ACE and TAO service offerings. We support AIX, CodeGear C++ Builder 2007/2009, CodeGear RAD Studio 2007, Embarcadero C++ Builder 2010/XE, Windows CE, MinGW, Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1/8/9/10, GCC, Cygwin, VxWorks 6.x (kernel and rtp), OpenVMS 8.3 on IA64, BlueCAT Linux, RedHat Linux, Fedora, MacOSX, Solaris, Tru64, SuSE Linux on Alpha/IA32/EM64T/IA64, RTEMS, QNX, LynxOS, HPUX 11i v2/v3 on IA64, and Android (android-9). The Intel C++ compiler is supported on Windows 32/64bit, Linux IA32/EM64T/IA64, MacOSX. | Remedy IT web site and the TAO install document
PrismTech | Maintains ACE on certain platforms required for their TAO software and service offerings, including LynxOS. | PrismTech's web site
ACE user community | Responsible for continued maintenance and testing of platforms to which ACE has been ported, but aren't supported by the above groups. These include Digital UNIX (Compaq Tru64) 4.0 and 5.0; IRIX 6.x; UnixWare 7.1.0; Linux on PPC; OpenMVS; Tandem; SCO; FreeBSD; NetBSD; OpenBSD; Macintosh OS X; OS/9; PharLap ETS 13; QNX RTP and Neutrino 2.0; Interix (Windows Services for Unix)
Not maintained | The following platforms have been ported to in the past but are no longer maintained and may be removed from ACE at any time. If you want to have support for these environments contact one of the commercial support organisations. The platforms include: Chorus; DG/UX; HP-UX 9, 10 and 11.00; pSOS; SunOS 4.x and Solaris with SunC++ 4.x; VxWorks 5.4 and earlier; Microsoft Visual C++ 5, 6, and 7.0; Borland C++ Builder 4, 5, 6, and 2006. For up-to-date listings on platform that are deprecated and pending removal from ACE, please see the NEWS file.

Although the DOC group has provided outstanding support for ACE over the years, ACE's success has greatly increased the amount of effort required to keep up with its maintenance, answer users' questions, and give design guidance. Riverace offers world-class commercial services to support ACE users. OCI, PrismTech, and Remedy offer similar services for TAO, allowing the DOC group's primary focus to shift back to their main goal: research. The DOC group is fundamentally focused on (and funded by) advanced R&D projects. The group continues to be intimately involved in ACE+TAO development and maintenance, but with revised priorities for maintenance. The bug fixing policies followed by the DOC group are designed to strike a balance between their many research projects and their commitment to the ACE+TAO user community. Naturally, we will be happy to accept well-tested patches from the ACE+TAO user community for any platforms that aren't supported by the DOC group, Riverace, OCI or Remedy IT.

## Installation prerequisites

ACE (as well as TAO and CIAO) use MPC (MakeProjectCreator) to generate files used by all supported build tools (such as GNUmakefiles for UNIX based platforms, sln and vcproj files for VC71/VC8 and Embarcadero makefiles) on various platforms. To help new users to bootstrap quickly the release bundles of ACE (as well as TAO and CIAO) include all needed files to use the build instructions in this document.

If it is necessary to generate files for build tools for other compilers, one must run MPC to generate the appropriate files. Please see USAGE, README, and README for ACE files for details. The options that have been used to generate the above build files can be found in global.features file.

# Building and Installing ACE

The following sections explain how to build ACE on:

- UNIX
- Windows (including MinGW and Cygwin)
- VxWorks
- Android
- Interix
- RTEMS

## General Rules

- Many features in ACE can be modified by defining some macros in `$ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h`. These macros should always appear before including your platform specific config file.

- However, if you want to undefine/redefine macros defined in the platform specific config file, these `#undef` should come after the config file.

- If you're planning to build ACE on multiple platforms, you may want to consider cloning the source tree before you start.

## Building and Installing ACE on UNIX

As of ACE 6.0.6, you can building ACE on UNIX with:

1. Traditional ACE/GNU Make Configuration

The build process for Windows is different from the UNIX methods.

### Using the Traditional ACE/GNU Configuration

Here's what you need to do to build ACE using GNU Make and ACE's traditional per-platform configuration method:

1. Install GNU make 3.79.1 or greater on your system (available via `http` anonymous `ftp` from `ftp.gnu.org` in the `pub/gnu/make/` directory). You must use GNU make when using ACE's traditional per-platform configuration method or ACE won't compile.
2. Add an environment variable called ACE_ROOT that contains the name of the root of the directory where you keep the ACE wrapper source tree. The ACE recursive Makefile scheme needs this information. There are several ways to set the ACE_ROOT variable. For example:

   > TSCH/CSH: `setenv ACE_ROOT /home/cs/faculty/schmidt/ACE_wrappers`

   > BASH or Bourne Shell: `ACE_ROOT=/home/cs/faculty/schmidt/ACE_wrappers; export ACE_ROOT`

   If you're building a number of versions of ACE, however, (e.g., for different OS platforms or for different releases of ACE) you might use the following approach (assuming TCSH/CSH):

   > `setenv ACE_ROOT $cwd`

3. Create a configuration file, `$ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h`, that includes the appropriate platform/compiler-specific header configurations from the ACE source directory. For example:

   > `#include "ace/config-linux.h"`

   The platform/compiler-specific configuration file contains the #defines that are used throughout ACE to indicate which features your system supports. See the `$ACE_ROOT/ace/README` file for a description of these macro settings. If you desire to add some site-specific or build-specific changes, you can add them to your config.h file; place them before the inclusion of the platform-specific header file.

   There are config files for most versions of UNIX. If there isn't a version of this file that matches your platform/compiler, you'll need to make one. Please send email to the ace-users list if you get it working so it can be added to the master ACE release.

4. Create a build configuration file, `$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU`, that contains the appropriate platform/compiler-specific Makefile configurations, e.g.,

   > `include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_linux.GNU`

   This file contains the compiler and Makefile directives that are platform/compiler-specific. If you'd like to add make options, you can add them before including the platform-specific configuration.

   NOTE! There really is not a # character before 'include' in the platform_macros.GNU file. # is a comment character.

5. If you wish to install ACE (using "make install"), set the installation prefix in platform_macros.GNU.

   > `INSTALL_PREFIX = /usr/local`

   Headers will be installed to $INSTALL_PREFIX/include, executables to $INSTALL_PREFIX/bin, documentation and build system files to $INSTALL_PREFIX/share and libraries to $INSTALL_PREFIX/lib. The library directory can be customized by setting INSTALL_LIB (for example, INSTALL_LIB=lib64). With INSTALL_PREFIX set, RPATH will be enabled for all executables and shared libraries. To disable RPATH (for example, if $INSTALL_PREFIX/$INSTALL_LIB is already a system-known location for shared libraries such as those listed in /etc/ld.so.conf), set the make macro install_rpath to 0 by adding install_rpath=0 to platform_macros.GNU.
6. Note that because ACE builds shared libraries, you'll need to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH (or equivalent for your platform) to the directory where binary version of the ACE library is built into. For example, you probably want to do something like the following:

   > `% setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH`

7. When all this is done, hopefully all you'll need to do is type:

   > `% make`

   at the ACE_ROOT directory. This will build the ACE library, tests, the examples, and the sample applications. Building the entire ACE release can take a long time and consume lots of disk space, however. Therefore, you might consider cd'ing into the `$ACE_ROOT/ace` directory and running `make` there to build just the ACE library. As a sanity check, you might also want to build and run the automated "one-button" tests in `$ACE_ROOT/tests`. Finally, if you're also planning on building TAO, you should build the gperf perfect hash function generator application in `$ACE_ROOT/apps/gperf`.
8. If you've set the INSTALL_PREFIX before building, now run

   > `% make install`

9. If you need to regenerate the `ace/Svc_Conf_y.cpp` file, you'll need to get GNU Bison. However, you should rarely, if ever, need to do this.

## Building and Installing ACE on Windows

This section contains instructions for building ACE on Microsoft Windows with a variety of compilers and development environments.

First, if you are upgrading from an older release, the recommended practice is to start with a clean directory. Unpacking the newer release over an older one will not clean up any old files, and trying to use the environment's "Clean" command will probably not account for all existing files.

- Microsoft Visual Studio
- Embarcadero C++Builder
- MinGW
- Cygwin

### Building and Installing ACE on Windows with Microsoft Visual Studio

ACE contains project files for Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2005 (VC8) , Visual Studio 2009 (VC9), and Visual Studio 2010 (VC10). Visual Studio 2005 supports building for desktop/server Windows as well as for Windows CE and Windows Mobile. Since not all users will be interested in the CE/Mobile capability, these platforms have separate solution and project files from the desktop/server Windows. Furthermore, VC7.1, VC8, VC9, and 10 use different file formats but the same file suffixes (`.sln` and `.vcproj`). To support both environments, ACE supplies files with different names for the different development and target platforms. The platform/name mapping is shown below. All solution files have a `.sln` suffix and all project files have a `.vcproj` suffix.

The free Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition will work in place of the traditional Visual Studio editions. All the other notes in this document that are for VC8 / VC9 also apply to the express edition. MFC, 64-bit, and CE/mobile options are not available with the express edition. 64-bit binaries can be built with the compiler and linker included in the Windows SDK, using nmake as the build system (generate nmake makefiles with mwc.pl -type nmake).

Mapping of Platform to Solution/Project File Name
Platform | File Name
--- | ---
VC7.1 | name`_vc71`
VC8 for desktop/server | name`_vc8`
VC8 for Windows CE/Mobile | name`_WinCE`
VC9 for desktop/server | name`_vc9`
VC10 for desktop/server | name`_vc10`

The VC++ compiler and linker can now be invoked from GNU make just like most UNIX builds. Follow the instructions in the ACE/GNU Configuration sections and see the additional information in the comments of platform_win32_msvc.GNU.

If you happen to open a VC7.1 file from within VC8, it will offer to convert the file to the newer format for you. With the stock VC8, do not do this; Visual Studio will crash while attempting to convert the large solution and project files to build ACE. Simply refuse the conversion and open the file with the correct format. Note that Microsoft has fixed this problem. See https://msdn.microsoft.com/visualc/downloads/default.aspx for information.

1. Uncompress the ACE distribution into a directory, where it will create a ACE_wrappers directory containing the distribution. The ACE_wrappers directory will be referred to as ACE_ROOT in the following steps -- so ACE_ROOT\ace would be C:\ACE_wrappers\ace if you uncompressed into the root directory.
2. Create a file called `config.h` in the ACE_ROOT\ace directory that contains:
   `#include "ace/config-win32.h"`
3. The static, DLL and MFC library builds are kept in different workspaces. Files with names *_Static contain project files for static builds. Workspaces for static and DLL builds will be available through the stock release at DOC group's website. The workspaces for MFC are not available and have to be generated using MPC. Please see MPC's README for details.
4. Now load the solution file for ACE (ACE_ROOT/ACE.sln).
5. Make sure you are building the configuration (i.e, Debug/Release) the one you'll use (for example, the debug tests need the debug version of ACE, and so on). All these different configurations are provided for your convenience. You can either adopt the scheme to build your applications with different configurations, or use `ace/config.h` to tweak with the default settings on NT.
   Note: If you use the dynamic libraries, make sure you include ACE_ROOT\lib in your PATH whenever you run programs that uses ACE. Otherwise you may experience problems finding ace.dll or aced.dll.
6. To use ACE with MFC libraries, also add the following to your `config.h` file. Notice that if you want to spawn a new thread with CWinThread, make sure you spawn the thread with THR_USE_AFX flag set.
   `#define ACE_HAS_MFC 1`
   By default, all of the ACE projects use the DLL versions of the MSVC run-time libraries. You can still choose use the static (LIB) versions of ACE libraries regardless of run-time libraries. The reason we chose to link only the dynamic run-time library is that almost every NT box has these library installed and to save disk space. If you prefer to link MFC as a static library into ACE, you can do this by defining `ACE_USES_STATIC_MFC` in your `config.h` file. However, if you would like to link everything (including the MSVC run-time libraries) statically, you'll need to modify the project files in ACE yourself.

7. Static version of ACE libraries are built with `ACE_AS_STATIC_LIBS`
   defined. This macro should also be used in application projects that link to static ACE libraries
   Optionally you can also add the line
   `#define ACE_NO_INLINE`
   before the #include statement in ACE_ROOT\ace\config.h to disable inline function and reduce the size of static libraries (and your executables.)
8. ACE DLL and LIB naming scheme:
   We use the following rules to name the DLL and LIB files in ACE when using MSVC.
   "Library/DLL name" + (Is static library ? "s" : "") + (Is Debugging enable ? "d" : "") + {".dll"|".lib"}

More information for ACE/TAO on MSVC can be found here. The doxygen version of this document is available under Related Topics in the ACE Library.

ACE TESTS

The tests are located in ACE_ROOT\tests. There is also a solution in that directory to build all the tests (tests.sln)

Once you build all the tests (Batch Build works well for this), you can run perl script `run_test.pl` in the `tests` directory to try all the tests.

BUILDING ACE ON A WIN32 MACHINE THAT LACKS A NETWORK CARD

You may want to run ACE on a non-networked machine. To do so, you must install TCP/IP and configure it to ignore the absence of a network card. This is one method:

1. Run Control Panel
2. Choose Network from Control Panel
3. Add Adapter: MS Loopback Adapter
4. Configure MS Loopback Adapter with 802.3 (default)
5. Add Protocol: TCP/IP Protocol
6. Configure TCP/IP Protocol with a valid IP address and subnet mask. Leave everything else at the default settings.
7. Add Service: Workstation
8. Exit and Restart System
9. Run Control Panel again
10. Choose Services from Control Panel
11. The following services are not necessary and may be set to Disabled Startup:
    Alerter
    Computer Browser
    Net logon
    Messanger
12. Choose Network from Control Panel
13. Confirm the following setup. This is all you need to run ACE:
    Installed Software:
    Computer Browser
    MS Loopback Adapter Driver
    TCP/IP Protocol
    Workstation
    Installed Adapter Cards:
    MS Loopback Adapter

### Building and Installing ACE on Windows with Embarcadero C++

The Embarcadero C++ port is not maintained anymore due to lack of funding.

If you are building for a machine without a network card, you may want to check here first.

1. Uncompress the ACE distribution into a directory, where it will create an ACE_wrappers directory containing the source. The ACE_wrappers directory will be referred to as ACE_ROOT in the following steps -- so ACE_ROOT\ace would be C:\ACE_wrappers\ace if you uncompressed into the root directory.
2. Create a file called `config.h` in the ACE_ROOT\ace directory that contains:
   `#include "ace/config-win32.h"`
3. Open a Command Prompt (DOS Box).
4. Set the ACE_ROOT environment variable to point to the ACE_wrappers directory. For example:
   `set ACE_ROOT=C:\ACE_wrappers`
5. Add ACE_wrappers\lib and ACE_wrappers\bin to the PATH environment variable:
   `set PATH=C:\ACE_wrappers\lib;C:\ACE_wrappers\bin;%PATH%`
6. Generate the bmake makefiles using MPC. Use the `bmake` project type for C++ Builder.
7. Change to the ACE_ROOT\ace directory.
8. Build release DLLs for ACE by going:
   `make -f Makefile.bmak all`
9. You can build several different versions of ACE by setting environment variables before you run make:
   Set the environment variable below to build a debug version of ACE
   `set DEBUG=1`
   Set the environment variable below to build a unicode version of ACE
   `set UNICODE=1`
   Set the environment variable below to build a version of ACE with Codeguard support. Should only be used when DEBUG is also set
   `set CODEGUARD=1`
   Set the environment variable below to build a version of ACE optimized for a certain CPU. For this there are special compiler flags (-3/-4/-5/-6), see the Embarcadero help for more info.
   `set CPU_FLAG=-6`
   You can then start the build with the command
   `make -f Makefile.bmak all`
   You may also enable the options by passing them as command line options to make, for example:
   `make -f Makefile.bmak -DDEBUG all`

Note that when you run `make` in a sub directory you give `make -f Makefile.bmak all`. The `all` is needed to make sure the complete project is build.

The Borland/CodeGear/Embarcadero C++ Builder 4.0/5.0/6.0/2006/2007/2009/2010 port has been done by Jody Hagins, Christopher Kohlhoff and Johnny Willemsen.

ACE TESTS

Before you can build the tests you need to build the protocols directory. Change the directory to ACE_ROOT\protocols and start the build with:

> `make -f Makefile.bmak all`

The tests are located in ACE_ROOT\tests, change to this directory. You build then the tests with the following command:

> `make -f Makefile.bmak all`

Once you build all the tests, you can run the automated test script using:

> `perl run_test.pl`

in the `tests` directory to try all the tests. You need to make sure the ACE bin and lib directory (in this case `ACE_ROOT\bin` and `ACE_ROOT\lib`) are on the path before you try to run the tests.

### Building and Installing ACE on Win32 with MinGW/ MSYS

If you are building for a machine without a network card, you may want to check here first.

Building and installing ACE on MinGW uses a mix of a UNIX building process and Win32 configuration files. Also, as MinGW uses GNU g++, you may want to take a look at the Compiling ACE with GNU g++ section.

You will need the MinGW build tools and libraries, downloable from `http://www.mingw.org`.
For our build we require the packages `MinGW` and `MSYS`.

1. Install the MinGW tools (including the MinGW Development toolkit) into a common directory, say c:/mingw.
2. Install the MSYS tools into a common directory, say c:/msys.
3. Open a MSYS shell. Set your `PATH` environment variable so your MinGW's `bin` directory is first:

   > ``

   >            % export PATH=/c/mingw/bin:$PATH

4. Add an `ACE_ROOT` environment variable pointing to the root of your ACE wrappers source tree:

   > ``

   >            % export ACE_ROOT=/c/work/mingw/ACE_wrappers

   From now on, we will refer to the root directory of the ACE source tree as `$ACE_ROOT`.
5. Create a file called `config.h` in the `$ACE_ROOT/ace` directory that contains:

   > ``

   >            #include "ace/config-win32.h"

6. Create a file called `platform_macros.GNU` in the `$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude` directory containing:

   > ``

   >            include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_mingw32.GNU

   In the above text, don't replace `$(ACE_ROOT)` with the actual directory, GNU make will take the value from the environment variable you defined previously.

   If you lack Winsock 2, add the line

   > ``

   >            winsock2 = 0

   before the previous one.

   If you want to install ACE (using "make install") and want all the `.pc` files generated, set the installation prefix in platform_macros.GNU.

   > ``

   >           INSTALL_PREFIX=/c/ACE

   Headers will be installed to $INSTALL_PREFIX/include, documentation and build system files to $INSTALL_PREFIX/share and libraries to $INSTALL_PREFIX/lib. With INSTALL_PREFIX set, RPATH will be enabled. To disable RPATH (for example, if $INSTALL_PREFIX/$INSTALL_LIB is already a system-known location for shared libraries), set the make macro install_rpath to 0 by adding install_rpath=0 to platform_macros.GNU.
7. In the MSYS shell, change to the $ACE_ROOT/ace directory and run make:

   > ``

   >            % cd $ACE_ROOT/ace
   >            % make

   This should create `libACE.dll` (the Win32 shared library) and `libACE.dll.a` (the Win32 import library for the DLL). Note that the name for the ACE DLL follows the MinGW convention, which itself resembles UNIX.

   If you want static libs also, you may run:

   > ``

   >            % make static_libs_only=1

8. Run make install:

   > ``

   >            % make install

   This should create `ACE.pc` to use with pkg-config.

9. The same rules for Win32 search of DLLs apply for MinGW. If you want to run some ACE programs from the MSYS shell, you may need to add the directory for `libACE.dll` to your PATH:

   > ``

   >            % export PATH=/c/work/mingw/ACE_wrappers/ace:$PATH

ACE TESTS

The tests are located in `$ACE_ROOT/tests`. After building the library, you can change to that directory and run make:

> ``

>            % cd $ACE_ROOT/tests
>            % make

Once you build all the tests, you can run `run_tests.pl` in the `tests` directory to try all the tests:

> ``

>            % perl run_test.pl

If you are using ACE as a DLL, you will need to modify your PATH variable as explained above.

You may want to check `$ACE_ROOT/tests/README` for the status of the various tests on MinGW and the different Windows flavors.

### Building and Installing ACE on Win32 with Cygwin

If you are building for a machine without a network card, you may want to check here first.

Building and installing ACE on Cygwin uses the UNIX building process. Also, as Cygwin uses GNU g++, you may want to take a look at the Compiling ACE with GNU g++ section.

You will need the Cygwin build tools and libraries, downloable from `http://www.cygwin.com`. For our build we require the following packages besides the packages the setup selects by default:

> `gcc (version 3.3.3), cygserver, make, perl, binutils`.

1. Install Cygwin (this can be easy downloading and running `setup.exe` from the Cygwin site). For working with ACE we recommend to select `DOS` as default text file type.
2. Open a Cygwin shell. Set your `PATH` environment variable so your Cygwin `bin` directory is first:

   > ``

   >            % export PATH=//c/cygwin/bin:$PATH

   or

   > ``

   >            % export PATH=/cygdrive/c/cygwin/bin:$PATH

   Note Cygwin uses ```/`'' as directory separator, and ```//X`'' as a notation for Win32 drive `X`. Note also that you can't use ```c:/cygwin/bin`'' because, for Cygwin, ```:`'' is path separator character, as in UNIX.

3. Add an `ACE_ROOT` environment variable pointing to the root of your ACE wrappers source tree:

   > ``

   >            % export ACE_ROOT=c:/work/cygwin/ACE_wrappers

   Note here you can't use the ```//X`'' Cygwin notation as this is seen by Cygwin's compiler and it doesn't support that (it does support ```/`'' as directory separator however).

   From now on, we will refer to the root directory of the ACE source tree as `$ACE_ROOT`.

4. Create a file called `config.h` in the `$ACE_ROOT/ace` directory that contains:

   > ``

   >            #include "ace/config-cygwin32.h"

5. Create a file called `platform_macros.GNU` in the `$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude` directory containing:

   > ``

   >            include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_cygwin32.GNU

   In the above text, don't replace `$(ACE_ROOT)` with the actual directory, GNU make will take the value from the environment variable you defined previously.
6. On the Cygwin shell, change to the $ACE_ROOT/ace directory and run make:

   > ``

   >            % cd $ACE_ROOT/ace
   >            % make

   This should create `libACE.dll` (the Win32 shared library) and `libACE.dll.a` (the Win32 import library for the DLL). Note the name for the ACE DLL on Cygwin follows the UNIX convention.

   If you want static libs also, you may run:

   > ``

   >            % make static_libs_only=1

7. The same rules for Win32 search of DLLs apply for Cygwin. If you want to run some ACE programs from the Cygwin shell, you may need to add the directory for `libACE.dll` to your PATH:

   > ``

   >            # export PATH=//c/work/cygwin/ACE_wrappers/ace:$PATH

   If you are using MPC-generated Makefiles, then the DLLs have been placed in the lib directory instead of ace and thus your PATH addition would need to look like this:

   > ``

   >            # export PATH=//c/work/mingw/ACE_wrappers/lib:$PATH

ACE TESTS

The tests are located in `$ACE_ROOT/tests`. After building the library, you can change to that directory and run make:

> ``

>            % cd $ACE_ROOT/tests
>            % make

Once you build all the tests, you can run `run_tests.pl` in the `tests` directory to try all the tests:

> ``

>            % perl run_test.pl

If you are using ACE as a DLL, you will need to modify your PATH variable as explained above.

You may want to check `$ACE_ROOT/tests/README` for the status of the various tests on Cygwin and the different Windows flavors.

## Building and Installing ACE on Win32 with Interix

Interix comes with a BSD style make; you need GNU make. Make builds easily under Interix or there is a prebuilt package at:

http://www.interopsystems.com/tools/warehouse.htm

If you are building for a machine without a network card, you may want to check here first.

This port was built and tested under Interix 3.5. a.k.a. Windows Services for UNIX 3.5.

To build follow the Traditional ACE/GNU Make Configuration instructions replacing the following include directives:

`#include "ace/config-win32-interix.h"`

for the config.h header

and:

`include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_win32_interix.GNU`

for your platform_macros.GNU file.

ACE should build fine with just '`make`', the only other option tried thus far is '`make static_libs_only=1`' which also works. Any other options may not work.

ACE TESTS

The tests are located in `$ACE_ROOT/tests`. After building the library, you can change to that directory and run make:

``

`% cd $ACE_ROOT/tests`
`% make`

Once you build all the tests, you can run `run_test.pl` in the `tests` directory to try all the tests:

`% run_test.pl`

If you are using ACE as a shared library, you will need to modify your LD_LIBRARY_PATH as explained inTraditional ACE/GNU Make Configuration.

## Building and Installing ACE on VxWorks

For the most part, you should be able to follow the instructions above to build ACE and applications that use it. Start with the Unix instructions above to build ACE and the applications that use it. Please see below for more information on building ACE on NT hosts for VxWorks targets.

A few notes on VxWorks builds (thanks to Paul von Behren and Remedy IT for these notes):

- VxWorks builds are done with a cross compiler, i.e., the compiles are done on a workstation creating object modules which are downloaded and loaded into the VxWorks target system.

- C++ object modules must be post-processed by a VxWorks utility called "munch" to set up calls to static constructors and destructors. ACE integrates the makefile includes/rules files distributed with VxWorks to achieve maximum compatibility and reuse the target specifications and buildcommands defined by Windriver itself. The original ACE support for VxWorks included a perl script called $ACE_ROOT/bin/ace_ld, which was called from the Makefiles, replacing the traditional `ld` step. Although this script is currently still available it is not used anymore.
  You must have perl installed to use `ace_ld`. If perl is not on your path, you'll have to set `PERL_PATH` to the full path (including perl.exe), either in your `$(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU` or in your environment.

- Wind River provides GCC/G++ cross-compilers for the supported target platforms. The executables are named cc<target> and g++<target>; for example, ccppc and g++cpp for PowerPC targets.

You'll have to let ACE know the target type at compile time. There are several ways to do this; please see the `$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.5.x.GNU` platform file for detailed information.

The VxWorks platform_vxworks*.GNU files are set up so that shared libraries are not built on VxWorks, by default. Only static libraries, with .a extension, are built. Therefore, it's not necessary to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable on your host system when building for VxWorks targets. Please note, however, if you use TAO on VxWorks that you will need to set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH to find the TAO IDL compiler libraries (installed in the ace directory) on the host.

These non-default VxWorks kernel configuration `#defines` are required with ACE:

    #define INCLUDE_CPLUS           /* include C++ support */
    #define INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS /* include iostreams classes */
    #define INCLUDE_POSIX_ALL       /* include all available POSIX functions */

For completeness, here are the non-default `#defines` that we used for VxWorks 5.3.1/g++ 2.7.2:

    #define INCLUDE_CPLUS           /* include C++ support */
    #define INCLUDE_CPLUS_IOSTREAMS /* include iostreams classes */
    #define INCLUDE_CONFIGURATION_5_2 /* pre-tornado tools */
    #define INCLUDE_DEBUG           /* pre-tornado debugging */
    #define INCLUDE_LOADER          /* object module loading */
    #define INCLUDE_NET_SYM_TBL     /* load symbol table from network */
    #define INCLUDE_SYM_TBL_SYNC    /* synchronize host and target symbol tables */
    #define INCLUDE_NFS             /* nfs package */
    #define INCLUDE_PING            /* ping() utility */
    #define INCLUDE_POSIX_ALL       /* include all available POSIX functions */
    #define INCLUDE_RDB             /* remote debugging package */
    #define INCLUDE_RLOGIN          /* remote login */
    #define INCLUDE_RPC             /* rpc package */
    #define INCLUDE_SECURITY        /* shell security for network access */
    #define INCLUDE_SHELL           /* interactive c-expression interpreter */
    #define INCLUDE_SHOW_ROUTINES   /* show routines for system facilities*/
    #define INCLUDE_SPY             /* spyLib for task monitoring */
    #define INCLUDE_STARTUP_SCRIPT  /* execute start-up script */
    #define INCLUDE_STAT_SYM_TBL    /* create user-readable error status */
    #define INCLUDE_SYM_TBL         /* symbol table package */
    #define INCLUDE_UNLOADER        /* object module unloading */
    #define INCLUDE_WINDVIEW        /* WindView command server */

Also, automatic construction/destruction of static objects should be enabled.

If you use TAO, it's also a good idea to increase the `NUM_FILES` parameter from its default of 50 to, say, 1000.

Please note that those VxWorks kernel configuration parameters are set in the VxWorks configAll.h file. You must rebuild your VxWorks kernel after modifying that file.

If you're first getting started with ACE and/or VxWorks, I recommend just building the ACE library and tests first. (Some of the ACE examples, in System_V_IPC, don't build on VxWorks yet.) Then try running the tests. Please see $ACE_ROOT/tests/README for the latest status of the ACE tests on VxWorks.

Please note that the `main` entry point is renamed to `ace_main` (configurable via ACE_MAIN) on VxWorks with g++, to comply with its restriction against using `main`. In addition, ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER is enabled by default to cleanly support construction and destruction of static objects. Please see the Non-static ACE_Object_Manager discussion for the important implication of this feature.

ACE threads (VxWorks tasks) can be named, for example, by supplying a non-null argument to the Thread_Manager spawn routines. However, names beginning with `"==ace_t=="` are forbidden because that prefix is used internally by ACE.

You can spawn a new task to run `ace_main`, using either VxWorks `sp`, or ACE'S `spa`. `spa` can be used from the VxWorks shell to pass arguments to `ace_main`. Its usage is:

    spa ace_main, "arg1" [, ...]

All arguments must be quoted, even numbers. You can start also ace_main without spawning another thread by using:

    spaef ace_main, "arg1" [, ...]

ACE also provides the function `vx_execae` which is capable of running `ace_main` in a separate thread, wait for the task to finish and return the return code from `ace_main`:

    int vx_execae (FUNCPTR acemain,char* arguments, int prio = 0, int opt = 0, int stacksz = 0);

You could call this from the VxWorks shell like:

    my_rc = vx_execae ace_main, "-o server.ior -ORBDottedDecimalAddresses 1"

When `prio`, `opt` or `stacksz` are omitted or specified as `0` default values will be used. See the VxWorks shell documentation for the defaults for `prio` and `opt`. For `stacksz` the default is `ACE_NEEDS_HUGE_THREAD_STACKSIZE`. The `arguments` string will be parsed and passed on to `ace_main` as a regular `argc` and `argv`.

Be aware of the fact that when you execute `ace_main` directly from the VxWorks shell argc will be zero and argv* will also be zero. Using `argv[0]` will not return the program name, but will result in a crash.
The ACE helper functions `spa`, `spaef` and `vx_execae` prevent this problem by building a regular `argc` and `argv` which also contain a valid `argv[0]` element.

### Building Shared Libraries for VxWorks.

NOTE: Since VxWorks support is currently being reworked with an initial focus on static builds the support for shared builds is momentarily broken. This will be remedied(!) as soon as possible.

ACE supports shared libraries for VxWorks, but only with the g++ compiler. To build shared libraries instead of the default static libraries, added `shared_libs_only=1` to either your `ACE_wrappers/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU` or your `make` invocation. Then, be sure to load the ACE (and any other) shared library before loading your executable(s).

A shared library for VxWorks uses the same code as for a static (non-shared) library. However, calls to static constructors/ destructors are added. The code in the shared library must be reentrant if you shared it between programs (tasks). The ACE library meets this requirement.

Shared libraries reduce build time, executable size, and load time of the executable. But, you must manually load the shared library before loading your executable(s) with a command such as:

    -> ld < libACE.so

Shared libraries can be unloaded the same way an executable (module) is unloaded.

NOTE: Shared libraries on VxWorks aren't the same as shared libraries on other operating systems. In particular, there is no support for creating copies of writeable global (static) data in the shared library. This includes the singleton ACE_Object_Manager instance pointer. If you share global data between separate programs, they may not work properly. See the discussion of shared code and reentrancy in the VxWorks' Programmers Guide.

Instead of trying to run separate programs onto a VxWorks target, we recommend creating just one program, and spawning a thread for each task. The TAO IDL_Cubit test collocation test is a good example.

### Linking ACE and/or TAO Libraries into the VxWorks Kernel.

It's easy to link your ACE and/or TAO libraries into the VxWorks kernel. Just build shared versions, but disable the munch step. The easiest way to do that is to set the `LD` make variable to the name of your linker. For example, to build a libACE.so for PowerPC that can be linked into the kernel:

    % cd $ACE_ROOT/ace
    % make LD=ldppc shared_libs_only=1

After building the shared lib, link it into the kernel by setting the `MACH_EXTRA` make variable in the kernel configuration Makefile. Then, build the kernel using `make exe`.

### Using the one-button ACE tests with VxWorks.

It is possible to generate a script to execute all ACE tests. You can do this by executing

> ``

>     % perl run_test.pl -v -o > run_test.vxworks

The ACE tests write their output files in a directory named `log/`, below the current (`tests`) directory.

To run the tests from the build directory on an NT host where you crossbuild your VxWorks ACE/TAO you can set up the Target Server File System (TSFS) in your Target Server configuration. If you f.i. set the root for the TSFS to the root directory of your builddisk you can set the default directory for the target by issueing the following command from a Host shell: '@cd "/tgtsvr/{path to ACE}/ACE_wrappers/tests"'. The '@' addition makes sure this command is executed for the target environment and not the local host shell environment. If you also issue the command 'cd {path to ACE}/ACE_wrappers/tests' you can execute the generated one button testscript like: '< run_test.vxworks'.

Running the ACE tests automatically from the ACE autobuild tool using Target Server and Host shell options is also supported.

If you don't have NFS included in your VxWorks kernel, you can use these steps, provided by Clarence M. Weaver, to run the tests and capture their output:

1. What I did was create a log directory on the boot NT host of my VxWorks target.

2. I copied all the test applications and the run_test.vxworks script to the parent of the log directory.

3. Using the target shell not the host shell, I "cd" to the directory containing the script and test programs.

4. Invoked the script using `< run_test.vxworks` from this target shell.

Kirk Davies provided this approach for running the ACE tests on Tornado II:

- Under Tornado II, I set up the Target Server File System (TSFS), and the test logs get written to the log subdirectory under that.

- You have to set an environment variable before running the tests:

      putenv("ACE_TEST_DIR=/tgtsvr")

### Building ACE on Tornado/NT hosts for VxWorks targets.

The following, very useful information was contributed by Chris Ryan and Paul von Behren. Please submit corrections, additions, or clarifications to the the ACE mailing list.

NOTE:The make (version 3.74) that is provided with Tornado 2.2 cannot be used to build ACE. A working version is available from the WindRiver support site, download the make3_80.gvk_patches and the make3_80.tor2_2.new_dependency_rules package and install them.

Using the Cygnus tools, this approach works:

- You'll build both your NT and VxWorks executables in the same workspace (directory hierarchy). This works because the NT compiler and ACE's Makefiles put their output in different directories.

- Set up your `ACE_wrappers/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU` as usual for VxWorks. See the g++/VxWorks platform file for more information.

- Create an `ACE_wrappers/ace/config.h` file that looks something like the following.

      #if defined (_MSC_VER)  ||  defined (__BORLANDC__)
      # include "ace/config-win32.h"
      #else
      # include "ace/config-vxworks5.x.h"
      #endif

- Set your `ACE_ROOT`, `CPP_LOCATION`, `WIND_BASE`, and `WIND_HOST_TYPE` environment variables.

- Build for NT, then build for VxWorks.

A few additional Windows Notes, from Paul von Behren:

- Cygnus has created a Win32 API which is compatible with a "generic" Unix environment. Using this library, they have ported a large collection of GNU tools to WinNT/95 - including a port of gcc/g++. See http://www.cygnus.com/misc/gnu-win32/ A related link is ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/gnu-win32/latest/

- To set up the command-prompt build environment, run `Tornado\host\x86-win32\bin\TorVars.bat`. This is done implicitly within the Tornado IDE.

- To run `ace_ld`, you still need perl installed - see http://www.activestate.com/software/default.htm for Windows perl.

- The Tornado IDE will use a standard Makefile for project builds, but does not have a GUI interface for managing the Makefile. By default, it will use rules from Makefile in the current directory and you can configure it to add certain Makefile targets to the project. If you have `ACE_ROOT` defined before starting Tornado, you can specify an ACE Makefile as a Tornado target and Tornado will then call make from the menu.

And Chris Ryan's instructions for building for VxWorks targets on Windows NT hosts:

1. Path setting that seems to be working is:

             /tornado/host/x86-win32/bin:
             /tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/i386-wrs-vxworks/cygnus-2.7.2-960126:
             /tornado/host/x86-win32/i386-wrs-vxworks/bin:
             /ace/ace_wrappers/bin:
             /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin:
             /gnuwin32/b18/tcl/bin:
             /WINNT/system32:
             /WINNT:
             /WINNT/system32/nls/ENGLISH:
             /bin

   Other environment variables:

             WIND_BASE=/tornado
             SHELL=/bin/sh.exe
             TERM=pcbios
             TAO_ROOT=/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks/TAO
             CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.EXE
             GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=/tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/
             WIND_HOST_TYPE=x86-win32
             ACE_ROOT=/ace/ACE_wrappers.vxworks

2. `/tornado` is the root of the Tornado install (`$WIND_BASE`).
3. `/gnuwin32` is the root of a Cygnus GNU download and install.
4. `/bin` content is:

             aced.dll
             cygwin.dll
             perl.exe
             rm.exe
             sh.exe
             true

   `aced.dll` is produced in an ACE NT source tree according to documented procedure for Windows VC++ ACE build. `cygwin.dll` is from the Cygnus GNU software download and install.
5. Basically, follow documented procedure for ACE build/install on UNIX platform. Create a `$ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h` that looks like:

             #include "config-vxworks5.x.h"

   And create a `$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU` that looks like:

             WIND_BASE = /tornado
             WIND_HOST_TYPE = x86-win32
             CPU = I80486
             include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.5.x.GNU

6. When using cygnus windows GNUTools on WinNT you have to start make with "--unix" option, otherwise WinNT shell cmd.exe is responded and not sh.exe, i.e.,

        make --unix static_libs_only=1

### TAO on NT Tornado host, VxWorks target.

1. Build ACE and TAO_IDL in the NT tree as already documented. Be sure to build ACE's gperf on NT, in `ACE_wrappers/apps/gperf/src`.

2. Build $TAO_ROOT/tao

             CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.exe
             cd $TAO_ROOT/tao
             /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make

3. Build orbsvcs.

             CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/DevStudio/VC/bin/CL.exe
             cd $TAO_ROOT/orbsvcs/orbsvcs
             /gnuwin32/b18/H-i386-cygwin32/bin/make

4. Build $TAO_ROOT/tests

### Jaffar Shaikh's Notes for Building ACE and TAO for VxWorks on NT host

Scenario: I was building the ACE and TAO for VxWorks on NT. The target system was a PPC860 based chassis and another a NT host based card.

Host System:

NT 4.0 workstation with 128 M RAM, 266MHz Pentium.

Software Needed For Building TAO

1) Active State's ActivePerl from http://www.activestate.com/software/default.htm

2) Tornado 2.2.1 from Windriver.

3) Cygwin GNU to build TAO. It is available for NT as a freeware from the Cygwin site

The Cygwin Make (version 3.75) can only build the TAO not the Tornado II make (version 3.74)

Environment Variables:

On NT the environment Variables are set as follows, (from Control Panel-> System -> Environment)

I added following Environment variable entries to PATH

C:\Perl\bin\;

C:\tornado\host\x86-win32\bin;

C:\tornado\host\x86-win32\powerpc-wrs-vxworks\bin;

C:\tornado\host\x86-win32\lib\gcc-lib\powerpc-wrs-vxworks\cygnus-2.7.2-960126;

C:\Corba\Ace_wrappers\bin;

C:\Cygwin\bin;

C:\Cygwin\usr\bin;

C:\bin

Additional Environmental variables and the values,

CPU=PPC860

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=

SHELL=/bin/sh.exe

ACE_ROOT=/Corba/ACE_wrappers

WIND_BASE=/tornado

SHELL=/bin/sh.exe

TERM=pcbios

TAO_ROOT=/Corba/ACE_wrapper/Tao

CPP_LOCATION=/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/VC98/Bin/CL.exe

GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=/tornado/host/x86-win32/lib/gcc-lib/

WIND_HOST_TYPE=x86-win32

PERL_PATH=/perl/bin/perl.exe

Directories of importance

C:\Corba <-- Ace_wrappers (uzipped)

C:\tornado <-- Tornado installed

C:\Perl <-- Perl installed

C:\Cygwin <-- Cygwin installed

C:\bin <-- Copy these files,

Ace.dll, <-- After you build Ace

gperf.exe <-- After you build gperf

Cygwin1.dll, <-- After you install Cygwin

perl.exe, <-- After you install Perl

rm.exe <-- After you install Cygwin

sh.exe <-- After you install Cygwin

true <-- After you install Cygwin

Create Files

1) C:\Corba\ACE_Wrappers\ace\config.h

with entry

#if defined (_MSC_VER) || (__BORLANDC__)

#include "ace/config-win32.h"

#else

#define ACE_HAS_IP_MULTICAST

#include "ace/config-vxworks5.x.h"

#endif

2) C:\Corba\ACE_wrappers\include\makeinclude\platform_macros.GNU

WIND_BASE = /tornado

WIND_HOST_TYPE = x86-win32

include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_vxworks5.5.x.GNU

ACE_COMPONENTS=FOR_TAO (you may choose this option to build ACE library that supports TAO)

Steps to Build

1) Build Ace.dll under NT

In MS Visual C++ open C:\Corba\ACE_wrappers\ace.sln And build Ace DLL

Copy Ace.dll in C:\bin

2) Build gperf utility under NT

In MS Visual C++ open C:\Corba\ACE_wrappers\apps\gperf\src\gperf.sln. Build gperf.exe

Copy gperf.exe to C:\bin

3) Mount Directries in Cygwin

Click on Cygnus Solutions -> Cygwin Bash Shell

Mount following directories by using mount command.

create respective directories first then use mount command

e.g. Create /Corba directory then use $mount -s "C:\Corba" /Corba

C:\Corba mount to /Corba

C:\tornado mount to /tornado

C:\Perl mount to /perl

C:\Cygwin mount to /cygwin

C:\bin mount to /bin

C:\Program Files mount to /Program Files

4) Build ACE in Cygwin

$cd /Corba/ACE_wrappers/ace

$make static_libs_only=1

This will build your ace library libACE.a for VxWorks. If you use option shared_libs_only=1 then the build will be libACE.so. The other options are same as follows.

5) Build TAO in Cygwin

$cd $TAO_ROOT/tao

$make debug=0 optimize=1 static_libs_only=1 minimum_orb=1

for shared libs use shared_libs_only=1

The minimum Tao does not have following components,

Dynamic Skeleton Interface

Dynamic Invocation Interface

Dynamic Any

Interceptors

Interface Repository

Advanced POA features

CORBA/COM interworking

You may play around with above options to find suitable build for your needs. For example when you give option debug=1 all the debug symbols will be created and the build will huge in size. The debug symbols are necessary when you want to debug your code.

## Building and Installing ACE on Android

ACE can be built for Android by using the Android Native Development Kit's standalone toolchain. The compilation creates native binaries, not the standard Android Java applications. The native binary applications that use ACE can be run by either a shell or using the Java Runtime exec operation.

The standalone toolchain must be set for a platform of android-9 or later. From your NDK root directory you can use their `make-standalone-toolchain.sh` script to set this up. For example:

`./build/tools/make-standalone-toolchain.sh --toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3 --arch=arm --platform=android-9 --install-dir=../arm_tools`

To set up an arm-specific tool chain. With the release of NDK r6, x86 targets are supported, so the setup command for that would be:

`./build/tools/make-standalone-toolchain.sh --toolchain=x86-4.4.3 --arch=x86 --platform=android-9 --install-dir=../x86_tools`

The bin directory under the installed standalone toolchain dir must be added to your $PATH

When using the Android NDK on a 64bit Linux system you have to install the following 32bit packages: `libstdc++.i686 glibc.i686 ncurses-libs.i686 zlib.i686`

Due to Android's library loading restrictions, static linking is necessary for all included libraries.

Compilation requires using the NDK's standalone toolchain for it's exception and RTTI support. The standard NDK compiler is not identified as supporting exceptions or RTTI, as of NDK r5c.

It is not recommended to perform the build on a Windows host. Using the NDK r5c, compilation issues were encountered on Windows XP, when the compiler failed to recognize the name difference between the ACE file Signal.h and the system file signal.h.

You should be able to follow the instructions above to build ACE and applications that use it. Use the Unix traditional instructions above to build ACE and the applications that use it. Building TAO for Android requires cross compiling the code.

Basic steps to build

- Setup up the standalone compiler toolchain by following the instructions provided with the Android NDK.
- If building TAO, build the ACE and TAO tools (`ace_gperf` and `tao_idl`) for the compiling host. Follow the cross compilation setup instructions provide in $TAO_ROOT/TAO-INSTALL.html. Search for "Using cross compilation".

- Setup the Android build
  - Create `ace/config.h`: #include "ace/config-android.h"
  - Create `include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU`:
    - set options for debug and optimized builds
    - inline is forced on as are static libs and no-hidden-visibility
    - Include the `include/makeinclude/platform_android.GNU` file.
    - If building TAO, set the tao idl options specified in the cross compiling instructions in `TAO-INSTALL.html`
  - Ensure the following environment variables are set:
    - $ANDROID_ARCH - either arm or x86. Note that x86 is only available in r6 and greater, and is still experimental. ANDROID_ARCH will be set to arm by default.
    - $NDK - the path to the android native development kit
    - $SYSROOT - the platform/arch directory. This defaults to `$NDK/platforms/android-9/arch-$ANDROID_ARCH`.
    - $HOST_ROOT - the path to the native TAO_IDL & gperf tools
    - $PATH - must include `$NDK_TOOLS/bin`.
- Generate makefiles (if necessary).
- Build with GNU make.

Native applications using the ACE library can be installed onto devices by several different methods. The files can be include as assets of Java application and can be written by the Java application into it's executable program directory. The native application can be downloaded by a Java application and written into the Java applications executable program directory. The native application can also be uploaded using the Software Development Kit's ADB tool. This method requires uploading the native application to a directory that allows execution and having any output directed to a writable directory.

# Building and Installing ACE Network Services

The following explains how to build the ACE network services on UNIX and Win32.

## Building and Installing ACE Network Services on UNIX

Building and installing ACE Network Services on UNIX is relatively simple (the process for Win32 is different). Here's what you need to do:

1. Build and install ACE on UNIX as described earlier. If ACE is built at the root of the ACE source tree (and ACE has been ported to your platform, of course) the netsvcs static and shared object libraries should be built automatically. In addition, the server driver program (`main`) contained in $ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/servers/main.cpp should also be compiled and ready to run.

2. Set your `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable to where the binary version of the ACE netsvcs library. For example, you probably want to do something like the following

             % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/ace:$ACE_ROOT/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

3. By default, if the shared object library is built, the services are linked into the `main` driver program dynamically. To specify which services should be linked in and executed, edit the $ACE_ROOT/netsvcs/servers/svc.conf file. During your editing, you should update information (such as the default service port numbers) that affects the initialization of services in this file. Refer to the Service Configurator documentation to learn how the configuration file is parsed and how the services are dynamically linked and executed. In addition, refer to the Network Services documentation to learn more about how to configure each network service.

4. If you only want to link the services statically, simply remove or rename the svc.conf file.

## Building and Installing ACE Network Services on Win32

Once again, there are supplied project for Visual C++ 7.1 or later for the Network Services.

# Building and Installing the ACE_SSL Library

The first step for all platforms is to build and install the OpenSSL distribution. The ACE_SSL library must then be built according to the instructions below.

## Unix

1. Make sure the OpenSSL header file directory is in your compiler's include path, and that OpenSSL libraries are in your library link/load path (e.g. `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`). If you installed OpenSSL into a set of directories unknown by the compiler, set the `SSL_ROOT` environment variable to point to the top level directory of your OpenSSL distribution, i.e. the one containing OpenSSL's `include` and `lib` directories.
2. Build ACE as described above. When building ACE, add `ssl=1` to your `make` command line invocation, or add it to your `platform_macros.GNU` file.
3. Build the ACE_SSL library in the `$ACE_ROOT/ace/SSL` directory. The `ACE_ROOT` environment variable should be set prior to this point.

## Microsoft Visual Studio

1. Set the `SSL_ROOT` environment variable to the location of the directory containing the OpenSSL `inc32` and `out32dll` directories.
2. Add `ssl=1` to your MPC `$ACE_ROOT/bin/MakeProjectCreator/config/default.features` or `$ACE_ROOT/local.features` file, and re-run MPC to add support for building the ACE_SSL library to your MSVC++ workspaces and projects.
3. Open the `ACE.sln` solution, and refer to the ACE build and installation instructions above for details on creating a `config.h` configuration header for this platform. Once the `config.h` file has been created, build the `ACE_SSL` project.

## CodeGear C++

Support for building ACE's ACE_SSL library and TAO's SSLIOP pluggable protocol with CodeGear C++ does exist.

1. Set the `SSL_ROOT` environment variable to the location of the directory containing the OpenSSL `inc32` and `out32` directories.
2. Add `ssl=1` to your MPC `$ACE_ROOT/bin/MakeProjectCreator/config/default.features` or `$ACE_ROOT/local.features` file, and re-run MPC to add support for building the ACE_SSL library to your CodeGear C++ makefiles.
3. Build ACE and TAO.

# Building and Using GUI Reactors Libraries

There is a general method for building and using `ACE_Reactors` for various GUI libraries.

## Building GUI Reactor Library

1. Try to generate build files using MPC. Inspect the output of MPC to find out which features are necessary to build given reactor. Add these features to `ACE_wrappers/bin/MakeProjectCreator/*.features` file, or pass them directly to MPC using `-features` command line option. For example, for `FlReactor` the procedure consists of five steps
   1. In the first pass one gets that `x11` (X11 libraries) is missing.
      `$ mwc.pl -type gnuace Skipping ACE_FlReactor (ace_flreactor.mpc), it requires x11.`
   Ensure that `X11` libraries are installed, then pass `x11=1` feature to MPC.
   2. In the second pass one gets that `gl` (OpenGL library) is missing.
      `$ mwc.pl -type gnuace -features x11=1 ace.mwc Skipping ACE_FlReactor (ace_flreactor.mpc), it requires gl.`
   Ensure that `OpenGL` libraries are installed, then pass `gl=1` feature to MPC.
   3. In the third pass one gets that `fl` (Fast Light Toolkit) is missing.
      `$ mwc.pl -type gnuace -features x11=1,gl=1 ace.mwc Skipping ACE_FlReactor (ace_flreactor.mpc), it requires fl.`
   Ensure that `Fast Light Toolkit` libraries are installed, then pass `fl=1` feature to MPC.
   4. In the fourth pass one gets that `ace_flreactor` feature is missing
      `$ mwc.pl -type gnuace -features x11=1,gl=1,fl=1 ace.mwc Skipping ACE_FlReactor (ace_flreactor.mpc), it requires ace_flreactor.`
   Allow MPC to generate makefiles for `FlReactor` by setting `ace_flreactor=1` feature.
   5. In the last pass one obtains files for building `FlReactor`.
      `$ mwc.pl -type gnuace -features x11=1,gl=1,fl=1,ace_flreactor=1 ace.mwc`
   Currently to simplify MPC generation some of features are turned on by default in `ACE_wrappers/bin/MakeProjectCreator/global.features`. For examples to generate files related with Fl one has to provide only fl=1 feature. To obtain a more fine grained controll over MPC generation process one may modify `ACE_wrappers/bin/MakeProjectCreator/*.features` files.
2. Required build files are generated now, it is enough then to invoke build tool. For example for under `MPC::gnuace` one has to call `make fl=1`. For `MPC::vc7` target all features are encoded in generated project files, thus it is enough to compile ACE using MSVC.

The build procedure leads to a specific GUI Reactor library. For example, for `Qt` and `Linux` one gets `libQtReactor.so`, while for `Windows` the results are shared `QtReactor.dll` and import `QtReactor.lib` libraries or their variants depending on build options. When compiling TAO also GUI related libraries are created like `libTAO_QtResource.so`.

## Using GUI Reactor Library

Here one has at least three use cases:

1. Applications with their own build system. To use ACE support for GUI one has to include specific GUI headers and link with specific `ACE_[GUI]Reactor` library. When using TAO support for GUI one has also to link with specific `TAO_[GUI]Resource` library.
2. Applications with build system using MPC. In general, it is better to create specific base projects for using ACE GUI support in such application. Base projects provided by ACE `ACE_wrappers/bin/MakeProjectCreator/[ace,tao]_[gui][reactor,resource].mpb` may be an examples of how to do this.
3. Internal ACE applications like tests or examples. MPC project for internal ACE application using GUI support should be derived from `ace_[gui]reactor.mpb` base projects. To employ TAO support for GUI one should derive the project from `tao_[gui]resource.mpb` These base projects ensure that all necessary libraries are linked to the application, specifies features necessary to build a project and moreover impose a build order consistant with ACE. For example, the application project using `XtReactor` should be derived from `ace_xtreactor.mpb`.

## Notes on specific GUI Reactors

- `QtReactor`
The build is controlled by `ace_qtreactor` [1 by default] feature. To build this reactor one has to provide feature `qt` [0 by default] (Qt library). Moreover, it is assumed that `Qt` was installed in a standard way and `QTDIR` points to `Qt` installation folder. To build TAO support for `Qt` one should use `tao_qtresource` [1 by default] feature.
- `XtReactor`
The build is controlled by `ace_xtreactor` [1 by default] feature. To build this reactor one has to provide the following features: `x11` [1 by default] (X11 libraries) and `xt` [1 by default] (X11 Toolkit). Moreover, some examples and tests related with `XtReactor` needs additionall features namely either `motif` [0 by default] (Motif/Lesstif libraries) or `athena` [0 by default] (Athena widgets). To build TAO support for `xt` one should use `tao_xtresource` [1 by default] feature.
- `TkReactor`
The is controlled by `ace_tkreactor` [1 by default] feature. To build this reactor one has to provide `tk` [0 by default] (Tcl libraries) feature. To build TAO support for `Tk` one should use `tao_tkresource` [1 by default] feature.
- `FlReactor`
The build is controlled by `ace_flreactor` [1 by default] feature. To build this reactor one has to provide the following features: `x11` [1 by default] (X11 libraries), `gl` [1 by default] (OpenGl) and `fl` [0 by default] (Fast Light Toolkit). To build TAO support for `Fl` one should use `tao_flresource` [1 by default] feature. MS Windows: The paths to `fltkdll` and `OpenGL32` libraries, as well as `fltk` header files should be setup manually for succesfull compilation. Obviosuly, `x11`switch is ignored for this platform.

# Installation Notes

- Windows (Windows NT, 2000, XP, 2003, etc., and Windows '9x/ME)

  Please see the Non-static ACE_Object_Manager discussion below.

- Windows CE

  Take a look at (CE-status.txt) for up-to-date information about ACE on Windows CE and Windows Mobile.

- Solaris 7, 8, 9, and 10 using Sun ONE Studio 8 (C++ 5.5) or higher, Centerline C++ 2.x, GNU gcc 2.95 and later.

  All the source code and tests should build and run without any problems on Solaris 7, 8, and 9 platforms using the above Sun C++ compilers. There are likely to be build problems with older versions or different patchlevels of Sun C++. Likewise, on Solaris with g++ you may need to use GNU as instead of /usr/ccs/bin/as, if you want -gstabs+ and -pipe support. Thanks to Susan Liebeskind <shl@janis.gtri.gatech.edu> for providing the following useful information:

  By default, ACE uses both the Solaris and POSIX thread interface. To disable use of the Solaris thread interface, add `-D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS` to the `CFLAGS` in your `$(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU`. See the Solaris Intro (3) man page for more information.

  To disable ACE thread support completely, build with the `threads=0` make flag. See the Makefile Flags section below for more information on make flags.

  If you use g++ on Solaris 7, you might need to rebuild it on a SunOS 5.7 (Solaris 7) host. Some versions of g++ provide replacements for system header files. The replacements on older SunOS systems are not compatible with the SunOS 5.7 system headers.

- AIX

  ACE is currently supported on AIX 5.2 and higher using IBM's Visual Age C++ 6 and XL C++ 7 compilers as well as g++ 3.2.

  The `ace/config-aix-5.x.h` file is recommended for all compilers on all AIX 5L versions. The Asynchronous I/O functionality is disabled by default because its use requires the system administrator to explicitly enable it in the kernel using SMIT. If this has been done and you want to enable asynchronous I/O support in ACE, add: `#define ACE_HAS_AIO_CALLS` to your `config.h` file before including `ace/config-aix-5.x.h`.

  The Visual Age 6.0.0.3 and 6.0.0.4 do have some bugs that makes them unusable for building TAO. TAO has been tested with 6.0.0.12 and had no problems with that version.

  For your `platform_macros.GNU` file, you should use `platform_aix_ibm.GNU` when building ACE with any of the IBM compilers and `platform_aix_g++.GNU` when building ACE with g++.

  BTW, here's a technique from Rob Jordan <jordan@hursley.ibm.com> that can reduce the size of the ACE libraries by about one third, and can also be applied to applications. It works by optimising the sharing of template functions, which are created in an "unusual" way under AIX. It also speeds up compilation.

  Here's how to optimise the ACE library generation:

  Look at the ace/GNUmakefile.ACE in `$ACE_ROOT/ace`. Create a file called `ACE_All_Src.cpp`, and add a line to #include each of the source files listed under `FILES=` in the GNUmakefile. Create a file called `ACE_All_Tmp.h` and add a line to #include each of the .h files listed under `TEMPLATE_FILES=` in the GNUmakefile. Now update the GNUmakefile so that `FILES=ACE_All_Src` and `TEMPLATE_FILES=ACE_All_Tmp`.

- Linux

  ACE has been ported to Linux on Intel, Alpha, and PowerPC platforms. If you use a RedHat 5.x distribution, it's best to use RedHat 5.1 or later. ACE works without any modifications on RedHat 5.1 and later, and on Debian 2.1 on both Intel and Alpha. Use the `platform_linux.GNU` and `ace/config-linux.h` in your `platform_macros.GNU` and `config.h` files, respectively. The same files can be used on PowerPC, with LinuxPPC 1999 (R5), with glibc 2.1.1.

  If you run out of memory, it's easy to add virtual memory on Linux. Please see the `mkswap` man page. You'll need at least 256 to 300 Mb of virtual memory (RAM + swap) to compile all of ACE+TAO. The System Resource Requirements section has some suggestions on how to reduce the memory requirement.

  The glibc 2.0 dynamic loader isn't thread safe. If you want to use the Invocation API you'll have to set `LD_BIND_NOW=true`. If you want to use `dlopen`, you should use `RTLD_NOW`. The dynamic loader in glibc 2.1 is thread safe.

  NOTE: The TAO NameService uses IP multicasting by default, though it is not required. IP multicast on Linux requires the following:

  - Enable IP multicast in the Linux kernel. It is enabled in the default RedHat 5.1 kernel. In older distributions, you can enable it by rebuilding your kernel with CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST enabled.

  - Enable IP multicast in ACE. It is enabled by default in `ace/config-linux.h`. If you don't use IP multicast, add `#define ACE_HAS_IP_MULTICAST 0` to your `ace/config.h` before building ACE.

  - There must be a network interface that is up and supports multicast. If you have linuxconf, it's easiest to use that to add a network route for multicast (224.0.0.0) on one of your network interfaces, such as `eth0`. If you don't have or use linuxconf, try adding a multicast routing table entry using something like this:

                     # route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0

  Some of the ACE tests fail on older, pre-glibc2 Linux platforms, such as RedHat 4.2. The problems are with threads and thread-specific storage.

- SCO UNIX

  ACE has been ported to SCO UNIX using the GNU g++ 2.7.2 compiler. Arturo Montes <mitosys@colomsat.net.co> maintains this code. In addition, he also maintains a version of FSU pthreads.

- SGI IRIX 5.x and 6.x

  ACE used to build fine using the SGI C++ and GNU GCC compilers for IRIX 5.x. It has been ported to IRIX 6.x using the SGI MipsPro 7.1 C++ compiler; be aware that in IRIX 6.2 there is a number of patches that have to be installed and exceptions appear to fail with the O32 ABI. Please check the config files for the details.

- OSF/1 3.2 and 4.0 (a.k.a. Digital UNIX 4.0)

  The Digital UNIX C++ 5.4 through 5.7 compilers have problems with ACE's templates. They compile the lib and most of the test programs, although they warn about template usage. Most tests run, some dump core. If you use a 5.x version of cxx, be sure to set the CXX_VER variable to CXX_5, either on your make command line or in an environment variable. The ACE Makefiles assume by default that the cxx version is 6.x or later.

  CXX 6.0 and 6.1 are much improved over 5.x: V6.0-020, V6.1-025, and later build all of ACE cleanly. All of the tests in $(ACE_ROOT)/tests run successfully with CXX 6.0 and CXX 6.1. Please note that problems have been reported with some versions of CXX 6.1, notably versions -021 and earlier. It's best to use V6.1-022 or later.

  NOTE: if you use Digital UNIX 4.0f or later, you must use `ace/config-tru64.h` instead of `ace/config-osf1-4.0.h`. `ace/config-tru64.h` can be used for all supported compilers on any version of Digital UNIX after and include 4.0. And, with 4.0f and later when using Digital CXX, you must use `include/makeinclude/platform_tru64_cxx.GNU` instead of `include/makeinclude/platform_osf1_4.0.GNU`.

- FreeBSD

  FreeBSD is a fast evolving platform. However, it has the advantage of having standard releases. At this moment, ACE is only perodically tested against -stable (3.1R) and we rely a lot on FreeBSD users' feedbacks.

  Notice that on older FreeBSD, `ld.so` only looks for so libraries with version number appended. ACE makefiles create symlinks for most shared libraries if `versioned_so` is defined to 1 in `$ACE_ROOT/ace` with appropriate ACE version. However, this does not work for libACE.so itself so you have to create it manually (If you figure out how to do this, please let us know) like this:

  `ln -sf $ACE_ROOT/ace/libACE.so $ACE_ROOT/ace/libACE.so.4.5`

  On newer FreeBSD (3.0 or later,) this is no longer necessary.

- NetBSD

  Like older FreeBSD, NetBSD's `ld.so` also requires versioned .so files.

- OpenBSD

  ACE has been ported to OpenBSD 3.1 and GNU g++ 2.95.3.

  As with FreeBSD and NetBSD, OpenBSD requires versioned .so files. This is currently handled by the build files and no additional work is needed.

  ACE has been ported to OpenBSD with and without pthreads enabled. When using pthreads, though, C++ exceptions must be disabled. This is a known problem with the current release of OpenBSD (see www.openbsd.org, bug #1750). ACE emulated exceptions work fine.

  Compiling TAO may require the user data segment size restrictions and possibly other options to be increased. This is done by modifying the default user class in /etc/login.conf or by adding a new class and modifying the master passwer file accordingly.

- UnixWare

  Steve Huston <shuston@riverace.com> has ported ACE to work with UnixWare 2.01 and g++.

  Ganesh Pai <gpai@voicetek.com> subsequently did the port for version 2.1.2, also with g++.

  Phil Mesnier < mesnier_p@ociweb.com> updated the port to support UnixWare 7.1.0, with help from Michael Meissnitzer < michael.meissnitzer@siemens.at>, Christian Klepp < christian.klepp@siemens.at > and Engelbert Staller < engelbert.staller@siemens.at> Building ACE (and TAO) on Unixware 7.1.0 requires a very specific g++ build environment. In particular, you must build and install g++ 2.95.2, along with binutils 2.9.1. The order (and the declaration of configuration) is extremely important. Using the gcc compiler provided on the Skunkware CD on a pentium system, here is the recipe I used to build a working environment (as root):

        mkdir /usr/local/newgnu
      < ftp and untar binutils-2.9.1 >
      < ftp and untar gcc-2.95.2 >
        mkdir -p build/binutils build/gcc
        cd build/binutils
        ../../binutils-2.9.1/configure i386-sco-sysv4
        gmake  # takes a long time
        gmake install # this creates /usr/local/i386-sco-sysv4/...
        mkdir /usr/local/i486-pc-sysv5/bin
        cd /usr/local/i486-pc-sysv5/bin
        for a in /usr/local/i386-sco-sysv4/bin/*; do ln -s $a .; done
        #links all the newly installed utilities

        cd /usr/local/newgnu/build/gcc
        ../../gcc-2.95.2/configure --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld
        gmake bootstrap # takes a long time
        gmake install
        mkdir /usr/local/i586-UnixWare7.1.0-sysv5/bin
        for a in /usr/local/i386-sco-sysv4/bin/*; do ln -s $a .; done

  Once done, ACE and TAO will successfully build and link.

- LynxOS

  ACE builds and runs properly on LynxOS 4.0 for Intel and PowerPC targets. LynxOS 2.x and 3.x are no longer supported. If you run out of memory on LynxOS, these might help:

  - Increase the limits in `/etc/starttab`, then reboot system. We use these limits:

        # Data, stack, and core file limits (in Kbytes)
        80000
        16000
        102400

  - Enable or expand virtual memory, with something like:

        # mkcontig /swap 320
        # prio 17 vmstart /swap

    See the `mkcontig` and `vmstart` man pages, and `/bin/rc`.

  Please see the comments in the ACE platform_lynxos.GNU file for information on, and an example of, tailoring for your particular platform.

  NOTE: if you want to use IP multicast on LynxOS, be sure to add this line to your `/net/rc.network`, and reboot:

              /bin/route add "224.0.0.0" "$my_name"

- VxWorks

  David Levine <levine@cs.wustl.edu> has ported ACE to VxWorks 5.2/5.3/5.3.1/5.4 with the GreenHills 1.8.8/1.8.9, g++ and diab compilers that are distributed with VxWorks/Tornado. It is not possible to use VxWorks 5.4 and earlier with ACE anymore because the compilers delivered with 5.4 and earlier don't support the C++ features ACE needs.

  At this moment Remedy IT is upgrading and stabilizing ACE/TAO support for Tornado 2.2/VxWorks 5.5.1. Since the existing support for previous VxWorks version has been unsupported and broken for some time and most (potential) users seem to have upgraded to VxWorks 5.5.1 no backporting effort is done. See also here.

  Tornado 2.2/VxWorks 5.5.1 support IP multicast. That is not enabled by default in ACE for VxWorks, because it depends on your kernel configuration. To enable it, add `#define ACE_HAS_IP_MULTICAST` to your `ace/config.h`.

  NOTE: In order for the ACE Broadcast and Multicast tests to work the VxWorks kernel should receive the packages it sends out locally. By default this is not supported. To enable this behaviour you need to include the IFF_SIMPLEX flag for your required NIC driver. See the following Windriver SPR 4542 for more information.

  In addition to all of the other benefits of ACE, it helps work around some deficiencies with VxWorks. The problems are:

  1. The program entry point cannot be called "main" with g++. ACE renames it to "ace_main" (configurable via ACE_MAIN) on VxWorks. While this may seem trivial, it is important with legacy code. ACE itself ran into this problem.

  2. argc/argv isn't used with VxWorks entry points. ACE provides a wrapper function that transparently converts shell command line arguments to argc/argv form. See below for details.

  Please note that ACE uses one of the spare fields in the Wind River task control block, spare4, for thread-specific storage. This field is specified in only one place, in ace/OS_NS_Thread.inl, so it can easily be changed to one of the other spare fields, if necessary.

  ACE destroys dynamically allocated singletons in the ACE library. But, they may not properly destroy some static objects. If you have trouble running a program multiple times, it may be necessary to unload the module, using unld, and reload it between runs. Alternatively, you could try calling `cplusDtors` and then `cplusCtors` between runs.

- MVS OpenEdition

  All of ACE has been ported to OpenEdition by Chuck Gehr <gehr@sweng.stortek.com>. The ACE library, all the tests and most of the examples and apps build clean. There are still some problems that need to be ironed out:

  MVS does not support the dynamic linking dl...() calls that the Service Configurator uses to dynamically link services at run time. As a result, all the examples and apps that use a svc.conf file (for dynamically configuring service objects) do not work, however, most of these apps can be built/run statically. Also, the Svc_Conf_l.cpp and Svc_Conf_y.cpp files are generated using flex and yacc on a ascii (not ebcdic) machine and as a result they don't work very well with ebcdic svc.conf files. We should be able to regenerate these files on MVS but MVS doesn't have flex. This is something that needs to be done.

  Some of the tests do not execute properly. This is a minority and over time the goal is to get to 100%.

  The make scheme for some of the apps still doesn't work perfectly on MVS. This is mainly due to the way shared libraries are handled on MVS. See additional build tips for MVS for more on this.

- QNX Neutrino

  ACE has been ported to QNX Neutrino 2.0. We cross-compile for Neutrino on a QNX4 host using g++ 2.8.1, using the ace/config-qnx-neutrino.h and include/makeinclude/platform_qnx_neutrino.GNU configuration files. Many of the ACE tests succeed, though some fail. As the porting effort progresses, we hope to eliminate these failures. If you know of fixes, please send them to us.

- QNX RTP

  ACE has been ported to QNX RTP . We compile for QNX RTP using the GCC compiler shipped with the distribution, using the ace/config-qnx-rtp.h and include/makeinclude/platform_qnx_rtp_gcc.GNU configuration files. Many of the ACE tests succeed, though some fail. As the porting effort progresses, we hope to eliminate these failures. If you know of fixes, please send them to us.

  WARNING: Under the current version of QNX RTP ACE fails if compiled with inline=0 .

- RTEMS

  The support for RTEMS has been reviVed from version x.5.4. This version was the first version that build again out of the box on RTEMS. Compilation and testing was done for RTEMS with and without networking support. The ACE GNU makefiles do automatically detect whether networking support is available or not. Besides the standard config.h/platform_macros.GNU file you will need to set `RTEMS_MAKEFILE_PATH` to point to the location of your RTEMS installation, see below for an example.

  `export RTEMS_MAKEFILE_PATH=/opt/rtems/CPU-rtems/BSP`

  When building without network support you will need the ace_for_tao subsetting functionality enabled. For this add `ace_for_tao = 1` to your `bin/MakeProjectCreator/config` file and regenerate the GNU makefiles as described here.

- PharLap ETS

  ACE has been ported to Ardence's PharLap ETS version 13. The port was originally done for Pharlap 9.1 and MSVC 6, but has been updated to Pharlap ETS 13 with Visual Studio .NET 2003 (VC7.1).

  To build for PharLap, you'll need to use MPC to generate .sln/.vcproj files with the ETS configurations. For example:

      cd \ace\ACE_wrappers
      perl bin/mwc.pl  -type vc71 -relative ACE_ROOT=C:/ace/ACE_wrappers -relative TAO_ROOT=C:/ace/ACE_wrappers/TAO -value_template configurations='"ETS Debug"' -value_template configurations+='"ETS Release"' -name_modifier *_ETS TAO_ACE.mwc

  That command will generate the same .sln and .vproj files as for regular Windows builds with VC7.1, but they'll have names with an `_ETS` suffix and will include the "ETS Debug" and "ETS Release" configurations.

  After generating the needed VC7.1 files, use the ace/config-pharlap.h configuration file, and the instructions for building on Windows. Building the ACE library is the same as for regular Windows platforms, except you choose one of the PharLap ETS configurations to build within Visual Studio. For an example of how to build binaries, see the tests directory. The tests_pharlap_msvc.lnk file is a LinkLoc commands file that the ACE tests are built with. It is likely that local sites may need to adjust this file for their target environment.

  When executing programs on the target system, it is possible that not all of the VC++ support DLLs are resident on the target. In particular, the debug-supporting DLLs may not be present. If you require these, be sure to add those needed. For example, on the standard LabVIEW RT 8.2 distribution using Pharlap ETS, the following DLLs must be copied to the target before being able to run Debug programs:

  - msvcp71d.dll
  - msvcr71d.dll

  To build ACE for National Instruments' LabVIEW RT, use the Pharlap ETS information above, but add the following line to your config.h file:

            #define ACE_PHARLAP_LABVIEW_RT

  This setting makes the necessary adjustments for LabVIEW's implementation of Pharlap ETS. By default, the ACE tests log their output/results to the system console on Pharlap ETS. To change this behavior and make the test output log to a file in the `log` directory under the current working directory while executing, add the following line to your config.h file:

            #define ACE_PHARLAP_TESTLOG_TO_FILE

  This setting has no affect on TAO tests which always write test output to stdout.
- Mac OS X (10.2.x)

  ACE builds and runs on Mac OS X 10.2.x, but the following are needed to build it:

  1. The latest version of the Apple Developer Tools (December 2002)

  2. The dlcompat library (obtained either through Fink or SourceForge)

  When creating $ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h for Mac OS X, you need to add the following if you obtained dlcompat via Fink:

  #define ACE_NEEDS_DL_UNDERSCORE

  You'll also need to do:

  setenv DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH $ACE_ROOT/ace:$ACE_ROOT/lib

  setenv MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 10.2

  Currently, all ACE tests pass except Process_Mutex_Test and MEM_Stream_Test. Also, Mac OS X doesn't yet support *nix aio_* calls, and ACE does not know anything about Mach.

  The work to port ACE to Mac OS X was done by several people, John Zorko <j.zorko@att.net> is only one of them.

- iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad

  ACE builds and runs on the iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad Hardware and Simulator. Keep in mind that ACE/TAO needs to be built statically since Apple does not allow third party dynamic libraries to be deployed on the hardware. The following are needed to build ACE:

  1. The iPhone SDK.

  2. When creating $ACE_ROOT/ace/config.h, include config-macosx-iphone-hardware.h if you want to deploy on the hardware, include config-macosx-iphone-simulator.h if you want to deploy on the simulator. Even though those includes are named after the iPhone, the includes work for iPhone/iPod Touch, and iPad.

  3. You need to define two environment variables. The first is IPHONE_TARGET. Set IPHONE_TARGET to SIMULATOR if you want to deploy on SIMULATOR. Set IPHONE_TARGET to HARDWARE if you want to deploy on the hardware device.

  4. When creating $ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU, include 'include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_macosx_iphone.GNU' in the file.

## Compiling ACE with GNU g++

If you use the GNU GCC g++ compiler please note the following:

- ACE/TAO needs g++ 2.95.x or better. Older versions are not usable anymore

- Make sure to update your gcc `config.status` file. This file is produced when installing gcc; it specifies where to install the binary files that gcc uses. For example, it specifies whether to use Solaris's `/usr/ccs/bin` binary utils or GNU binary utils. The `config.status` file is an output of the gcc `configure` script; it is preferable to use the `--prefix` option to `configure` instead of hacking its output.

- If you are getting weird link errors when building libACE on Solaris you are probably using the GNU linker. Try using the Sun linker (/usr/ccs/bin/ld) instead. Note that gcc first looks for the GNU linker if it is installed along with gcc. The only way to not use the GNU linker is to delete it from the installation or to build your own compiler with no linker. Be aware that you still need the libraries and includes of gcc.

  NOTE: if you do use the GNU linker, you might need to change the `-G` flag to `-shared` in the `SOFLAGS` definition in your `include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU`.

- Don't get too confused about contradictory statements in the gcc documentation. It was written by different people...

- Make sure that the linker invoked by gcc produces code that initializes static objects. Please see gcc's documentation for using `collect2`.

## What Do I Need to Build for TAO?

Toshio Hori <toshi@etl.go.jp> provided these suggestions on building just what's needed for (a subset of) TAO:

I usually make:

        $ACE_ROOT/ace,
        $ACE_ROOT/apps/gperf,
        $TAO_ROOT/tao,
        $TAO_ROOT/TAO_IDL, and
        $TAO_ROOT/orbsvcs/orbsvcs

and the whole make takes less than an hour on my Solaris 7 for intel, Pentium-III/550MHz, 256MB memory, 512MB swap machine. (Top secret: I renice the 'make' process to the highest priority, -20... ;-) To save time and space, I set

        TAO_ORBSVCS = Naming Time Trader ImplRepo

in `$ACE_ROOT/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU` also. See TAO's orbsvcs library customization instructions for more information.

## System Resource Requirements

The amount of system resources required to build ACE and TAO varies greatly. The required system resources are influenced by OS and compiler platform, build options, and component configurations. As a rough guide, the typical peak memory requirement can be well over 512 MB (notably, for TAO's orbsvcs). Depending on your OS and compiler configuration, an entire build of ACE and TAO can use well over 4 GB of disk space. It's usually not necessary to build all of ACE and TAO, though.

Much less disk space is required for just the libraries. For example, see the ACE library subset sizes.

If you run out of memory when building, you might consider trying some or all of these suggestions:

- Enable or increase virtual memory. If you're on a Linux or LynxOS platform, please see the appropriate sections above.

- Disable/enable optimization and/or debugging. See the Makefile Flags discussion for information on how to do that via ACE's Makefiles.

- If you're using g++, try removing `-pipe` from `CFLAGS` in your `include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU` file.

- Restrict the components that you build. For ACE and TAO, see the discussion of `ACE_COMPONENTS` in the ACE subsets page. For TAO's orbsvcs, see the discussion of `TAO_ORBSVCS` in orbsvcs Library configuration information.

  If disk space is a problem, disabling debugging should greatly reduce object code, and therefore, library size. This is especially true with g++.

  Toshio Hori <toshi@etl.go.jp> provided these tips for reducing disk space usage:

  To save space on a Unix machine, I usually run 'find . -name \*.sln -o -name \*.vcproj -o -name \*.bmak | xargs rm -f' in $ACE_ROOT at first after I untar the distribution. They are meaningless in my environment (Files named '*.sln' and '*.vcproj' are used for MSVC++ and files named '*.bmak' are for CodeGear C++ Builder.)

  Finally, to save space, may want to run 'make clean' after 'make'. It removes generated object files and leaves libraries/executables intact. If you want to remove any of the libraries/executables, as well, try 'make realclean'.

# General MPC information

The USAGE, README for documentation on MPC.

A common usage for creating a Windows workspace containing just the core ACE and TAO libraries and executables is the following:

    C:> cd %TAO_ROOT%
    C:> %ACE_ROOT%\bin\mwc.pl -type vc71 TAO_ACE.mwc

Replace vc71 with whatever project type you want to use. On Linux and other UNIX platform use the gnuace type:

    % cd $TAO_ROOT
    % $ACE_ROOT/bin/mwc.pl -type gnuace TAO_ACE.mwc

this creates the appropriate GNUmakefiles. Additional information on how to obtain, configuration, and build ACE+TAO using MPC appear at the OCI FAQ.

If you are attempting to generate project files using MPC, and you get the following error message:

    ERROR: Unable to find the MPC modules in /builds/ACE_wrappers/MPC.
    You can set the MPC_ROOT environment variable to the location of MPC.

You need to do one of the following:

1. If you have already obtained MPC, either move it underneath the ACE_wrappers directory or set your MPC_ROOT environment variable to point to the full path of MPC.
2. Check out MPC from the DOC Group subversion repository and set your MPC_ROOT environment variable.

You can check out MPC from the doc_group subversion server using the following command.

    svn co svn://svn.dre.vanderbilt.edu/DOC/MPC/trunk MPC

The README and USAGE files in the MPC/docs directory are an up-to-date source of documentation, however it is not a complete set of documentation. The TAO Developer's Guide from OCI starting with the 1.3a version contains more information about MPC.

The MPC chapter from the TAO Developer's Guide is available at http://downloads.ociweb.com/MPC/. Some of MPC has changed since this version, but it is largely accurate. An updated version will be available as newer versions of the TAO Developer's Guide are released. In the meantime, please see the README and USAGE files in the MPC directory.

# Working with ACE in Eclipse

The Eclipse CDT C++ development environment can be used to develop ACE applications. You can configure a new CDT project to build ACE using either a local source distribution or checking out ACE from CVS in Eclipse. These are the steps to create the CDT project to build ACE.

## To create an Eclipse project for ACE starting from CVS:

1. In the "CVS Repository Exploring" perspective, navigate to the module containing ACE.
2. Checkout the module using "Check Out As" and select the "project configured using the New Project Wizard" option.
3. Select "Standard Make C++ Project" for the project type.
4. Follow the steps outlined above, up to the point of running make, for building ACE on your platform. Use "path_to_your_eclipse_workspace"/"project_name" as your $ACE_ROOT.
5. If you had to regenerate the makefiles using MPC, select the root folder for your poject and use the import wizard to add them to your project.
6. Select the root folder for the project and use the "Create Make Target" wizard to setup the appropriate make command and options.
7. Select the root folder and run "Build Make Target." This will build ACE.

## To create an Eclipse project for ACE from a local source distribution:

1. Launch the "New Project Wizard" in Eclipse.
2. Select "Standard Make C++ Project" for the project type.
3. On the project name page, uncheck the "use default" location option and replace the default path with the path to your source distribution.
4. Follow the steps, up to the point of running make, for building ACE on your platform.
5. If you had to regenerate the makefiles using MPC, select the root folder for your poject and use the import wizard to add them to your project.
6. Select the root folder for the project and use the "Create Make Target" wizard to setup the appropriate make command and options.
7. Select the root folder and run "Build Make Target." This will build ACE.

# Advanced Topics

- Porting ACE and TAO to a New OS Platform
- Non-static ACE_Object_Manager
- Cloning the Source Tree
- Additional Build Tips for MVS
- Makefile Flags
- Version Control
- ACE SSL effort

## Non-static ACE_Object_Manager

The ACE_Object_Manager can be instantiated as a static object, can be instantiated on the stack of the main program thread, or can be explicitly instantiated and destroyed by the application with `ACE::init ()` and `ACE::fini ()`. The comments in the header file, `ace/Object_Manager.h`, as well as Section 1.6.3 in The ACE Programmer's Guide provide more detail.

NOTE: Special requirements are imposed on applications if the ACE_Object_Manager is instantiated, by ACE, on the stack of the main thread. This behavior is selected by defining `ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER` in `ace/config.h`. Again, see the ACE Object_Manager header file, `ace/Object_Manager.h` for more information. One of these requirements is discussed here, because it is so important. Please note that `ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER` is defined in the distributed ACE `config.h` headers for VxWorks and Win32.

The important requirement is that the program must declare its `main` function with two arguments, even if they're not used, and with `int` return type:

    int
    main (int, char *[])

If you don't declare `main` exactly that way, then you'll see a link error about `ace_main_i` being undefined.

Alternatively, this feature can be disabled by commenting out the #define ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER in the `ace/config.h`. But, that will make repeated testing more difficult on VxWorks. And, you'd either have to call static constructors and destructors manually or unload/load the program between runs. On Win32, disabling the feature can possibly lead to shutdown difficulties.

WARNING: `ACE_HAS_NONSTATIC_OBJECT_MANAGER` assumes that your `main` function is named `main`. Any violation of this assumption is at your peril. If you really need to call your entry point something other than `main`, you'll need to construct and destroy the ACE_Object_Manager. The best way to do that is to call `ACE::init ()` and `ACE::fini ()`. Or, see the `#define` of `main (int, char *[])` in `ace/OS_main.h` to see how ACE does that for entry points named `main`.

## Cloning the Source Tree

On UNIX platforms, we typically like to support multiple platform builds using the same ACE source tree. This idiom is supported by ACE using the $ACE_ROOT/bin/create_ace_build.pl script. To clone the source tree, create ./build and ./build/{your build name} subdirectories under the ACE_wrappers directory. Then invoke the create_ace_build.pl script to clone the source tree using soft links from your build directory back to the actual sources. Here is an example:

    % cd ACE_wrappers
    % mkdir build build/build-SunOS5
    % perl bin/create_ace_build.pl -a -v build-SunOS5
    % cd build/build-SunOS5
    % setenv ACE_ROOT $cwd
    % make

This will establish a complete tree of links. In addition, make sure you set your `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` to `$ACE_ROOT/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH` on SVR4 UNIX platforms.

When you do a make in the $ACE_ROOT directory you will be producing object code that is not stored in the same place as the original source tree. This way, you can easily build another platform in a parallel tree structure.

See the comments at the top of the create_ace_build.pl script for further usage information.

## Additional Build Tips for MVS

For all intents and purpose, MVS OpenEdition (OE) is another flavor of UNIX, therefore, the instructions under Building and Installing ACE on Unix can be used along with the following additional tips:

You can get a copy of GNU make that has been ported to MVS OpenEdition from the IBM OpenEdition web site. ACE's make scheme generates compile commands that have options and operands interspersed. By default, the c89/cc/c++ compiler expects all options to precede all operands. To get around this, you must set a special compiler environment variable (_CXX_CCMODE) to 1 which tells the compiler to allow options and operands to be interspersed.

Note that the environment variable `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` is called `LIBPATH` on MVS.

Shared objects are built a little different on MVS than on other UNIX implementations. This has been accounted for in the makefiles that come with ACE When the linker (via the cxx command) builds the libACE.so file it will also create a file called libACE.x. This is a side-deck file and it must be included in subsequent link edits with application code. For more information on this see the C/C++ MVS Programming Guide. If you want to build your application statically, i.e., using libACE.a instead of libACE.so, you can set ACELIB to ACELIB_STATIC in platform_mvs.GNU.

When the libACE.so file is built (via the MVS pre-linker and binder), you will get a rc=4 from the pre-linker. This is ok. This is due to some warnings about unresolved references which should get resolved during the link step. Note, however, there shouldn't be any unresolved references from the binder (linkage editor). You can get pre-link and link maps by uncommenting the PMAP and LMAP lines in the platform_mvs.GNU file.

## Makefile Flags

GNU make provides many options to customize its operation. See its documentation for more information. One example is that for multi-cpu UNIX machines you will be able to build faster if you use:

    % make -j n

which allows parallel compilation. The number n should typically be the number of CPUs. It is likely that builds will be faster even on single-CPU UNIX machines with `make -j 2`.

ACE further supports the following flags. They can be enabled either on the command line, e.g., "make purify=1", or added to your `platform_macros.GNU`. To disable the option, set the flag to null, e.g., "make debug=". Some flags support setting to 0 disable, e.g., "make debug=0". debug=1 is enabled in the platform files that are released with ACE.

Please note that the effects of a flag may be platform specific. Also, combinations of certain flags may or may not be allowed on specific platforms, e.g., debug=1 opt=1 is supported by g++ but not all other C++ compilers.

If you use Purify or Quantify: purify or quantify must be on your `PATH`. By default, ACE puts the Purify/Quantify caches below `/tmp`. To override that, set the `PURE_CACHE_BASE_DIR` variable, either in your environment or on the `make` make command line, to the destination directory for your instrumented libraries.

    Flag             Description
    ----             -----------
    debug            Enable debugging; see DCFLAGS and DCCFLAGS.
    exceptions       Enable exception handling (not supported by all platforms).
    include_env      Support old-style ACE_TRY_ENV declarations in methods.
                     This switch is necessary for compiling TAO applications
                     in the native exception configuration that were written
                     for TAO versions before 1.2.2.
                     In TAO 1.2.2, new macros were introduced that supercede
                     the direct ACE_TRY_ENV declarations. These are the
                     ACE_ENV_ARG macros that are defined in ace/CORBA_macros.h
                     and are documented in docs/exceptions.html.
                     This switch only affects the exceptions=1 configuration.
                     It is for backward compatibility only.
                     There will be warnings about unused _ACE_environment_variable
                     parameters when using include_env=1.
                     If possible, do not use it, but instead change your TAO
                     applications to use the ACE_ENV_ARG macros.
    fast             Enable -fast option, e.g., with Sun C++.
    inline           Enable ACE inlining.  Some platforms enable inlining by
                       default, others do not.
    optimize         Enable optimization; see OCFLAGS and OCCFLAGS.
    pace             Enable PACE as the underpinnings of ACE_OS.
    probe            Enable ACE_Timeprobes.
    profile          Enable profiling; see PCFLAGS and PCCFLAGS.
    purify           Purify all executables.
    quantify         Quantify all executables.
    repo             Use GNU template repository (g++ with repo patches only).
    rtti             Enable run-time type identification.  On some platforms,
                       it is enabled by default, so this is ignored.
    shared_libs      If migrating from prior version use shared_libs_only
    static_libs      If migrating from prior version use static_libs_only
    shared_libs_only Only build shared libraries.  Ignored if no SHLIBs are
                       specified by the Makefile, as in performance-tests/Misc.
    static_libs_only Only build static libraries.
    threads          Build with thread support.
    xt               Build with Xt (X11 Toolkit) support.
    fl               Build with FlTk (Fast Light Toolkit) support.
    tk               Build with Tk (Tcl/Tk) support.
    qt               Build with Qt (Trolltech Qt) support.
    ssl              Build with OpenSSL support.
    rapi             Build with RAPI
    split            Build the library by first splitting up the ACE source
                       to several files, with one object code entity for each
                       source file. This allows an application that is linked
                       with ACE to extract _exactly_ what it needs from the
                       library, resulting in a smaller executable.  Setting this
                       to 1 overrides debug to 0.

    Usually, users do not need to be concerned with make targets.
    Just enter "make" on the command line to build.  A few notable
    targets are listed below.

    Target             Description
    ------             -----------
    show_statics       Lists all static objects in object files built for
                         current directory.  Only supported for g++.
    show_uninit        Lists all uninitialized in object files built for
                         current directory.  Only supported for g++.

## Building from Subversion (anonymous access)

If users are building from our Subversion repository the GNUmakefiles, and project files for building on various platforms will not be available. Subversion users are expected to generate them using MPC before building ACE, TAO or CIAO. We point out some suggestions below to get bootstrapped quickly.

- You can checkout different subsets from the Subversion repository.
  - To checkout ACE with MPC:

    `svn co svn://svn.dre.vanderbilt.edu/DOC/Middleware/sets-anon/ACE .`

  - To checkout ACE+TAO with MPC:

    `svn co svn://svn.dre.vanderbilt.edu/DOC/Middleware/sets-anon/ACE+TAO .`

  - To checkout ACE+TAO+CIAO with MPC:

    `svn co svn://svn.dre.vanderbilt.edu/DOC/Middleware/sets-anon/ACE+TAO+CIAO .`

- Please make sure that you have perl installed, preferably perl 5.8 or higher. Users on Win32 based platforms are recommended to use Active State Perl. We use active state perl without problems. We have ran into problems trying to use the cygwin version of perl on Win32 based platforms.

- To build ACE and associated tests, examples, and associated utility libraries with GNUmakefiles, you must generate GNUmakefiles with MPC:

  `$ACE_ROOT/bin/mwc.pl -type gnuace ACE.mwc`

  On Windows, with Visual C++ 8, you must generate solution and project files with MPC:

  `$ACE_ROOT/bin/mwc.pl -type vc8 ACE.mwc`

  On Windows, with Visual C++ 7, you must generate solution and project files with MPC:

  `$ACE_ROOT/bin/mwc.pl -type vc71 ACE.mwc`

- If you want to build TAO+CIAO and its associated libraries please see TAO-INSTALL and CIAO-INSTALL for details.

Back to the ACE home page.

Last modified: Wed Jul 5 17:26:22 EST 2006