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# The Makefile, Project, and Workspace Creator (MPC)

### Introduction

- Maintaining multiple build tool files for a multi-platform project can be quite a challenge, especially when the project structure and platforms are constantly changing and evolving. A project may support Makefiles, Visual C++ project files, Borland Makefiles, and many others. Adding files, deleting files, changing project options or even changing the name of the target within your project will require you to expend time updating each build tool file. What you need instead is a single location to store project specific information to avoid repetitious, tedious modifications to multiple build tool files. This is where Makefile Project Creator (MPC) comes into the picture.
- MPC can be used to generate build tool specific project files from a generic mpc file. The MPC project file is a collection of source files that make up a single build target. MPC uses platform specific input along with mpc files and generates build tool specific files like makefiles, Visual C++ workspace and project files, Visual Studio solution and project files, etc.
- MPC provides many advantages over the build tool files it replaces. It provides mechanisms for minimizing maintenance of project build files. It does this through support for project inheritance and defaults for all aspects of a project, and the syntax is simple and easy to use and maintain. These and other features will be discussed in detail in the following sections. A complete example of the use of MPC is shown in the Example MPC File section.

### Using MPC

- An MPC project is a set of parameters that describe an individual build target (such as a library or executable). These parameters include the target name, include paths, source files, header files, etc. One or more projects can be defined within a single mpc file. An MPC workspace is just an arbitrary collection of projects.
- Projects can be generated (without workspaces) by using the mpc.pl script. Multiple mpc files can be passed to this script. If no mpc files are passed to the script, it will search for project-related files (such as source files, header files, etc.) and incorporate them into a default project.
- This diagram shows a high-level view of project file generation using mpc.pl.

- ###### Generating projects with mpc.pl

- To generate workspaces, you must run mwc.pl. This script will generate projects from mpc files and create a workspace based on those mpc files. If no mwc files are passed to the script, it will search in the current directory and its subdirectories for all mpc files and incorporate them into a single workspace.
- For make based project types (make, gnuace, bmake, nmake), a workspace is just a top-level makefile. But, for graphical interfaces such as Visual Studio, a workspace is the top-level file that groups all of the project files together.
- The following diagram shows a high-level view of workspace file generation using mwc.pl.

- ###### Generating workspaces with mwc.pl

#### Supported Build Tools

- MPC generates workspaces and projects for use with many build tools. This table lists the MPC types (used with mpc’s -type option) and their associated build tools.

- ###### MPC Types

  Type | Build Tool
  --- | ---
  automake | GNU Automake.
  bcb2007 | Borland C++ Builder 2007.
  bcb2009 | CodeGear C++ Builder 2009.
  bds4 | Support for Borland Developer Studio 4 is incomplete.
  bmake | Borland Make.
  cc | Code Composer Studio 2.0
  em3 | eMbedded Visual C++ 3.00 and 4.00.
  ghs | Green Hills C++ Builder.
  gnuace | GNU Make for ACE/TAO/CIAO only (ACE/TAO/CIAO extension).
  html | html pages are generated for visualization of project information.
  make | Generic make. The makefiles generated by this project type can be used with any version of make. However, due to configuration issues, it should not be used with ACE or TAO.
  nmake | Microsoft NMake.
  sle | Support for Visual SlickEdit is incomplete.
  vc6 | Visual C++ 6.0.
  vc7 | Visual Studio .NET 2002.
  vc71 | Visual Studio .NET 2003.
  vc8 | Visual Studio 2005.
  vc9 | Visual Studio 2008.
  vc10 | Visual Studio 2010.
  wb26 | Wind River Workbench 2.6.
  wix | Wix toolset for .msi creation.

#### Command Line

- The command line options for the workspace creator (mwc.pl) and the project creator (mpc.pl) are exactly the same. The project creator is used to generate one or more separate projects by passing mpc files to it on the command line. The workspace creator is used to generate one or more workspaces and the projects related to those workspaces.
- The table below describes each option with the more commonly used options in bold and project specific options in italics.

- ###### Command Line Options

  Option | Description
  --- | ---
  -base | This option allows the user to force any project to inherit from a specified base project. This option can be used multiple times to force multiple inheritance upon a project.
  -complete | This hidden option can be used to generate a tcsh complete command that allows a user of the tcsh shell to complete on options as well as file names.
  -exclude | If this option is used with mwc.pl , the directories or mwc files provided in a comma separated list will be excluded when searching for mpc files. Each element provided for exclusion should be relative to the starting directory. This option has no effect when used with mpc.pl.
  -expand_vars | This option instructs MPC to perform direct replacement of $() variables with the values from the environment (if the -use_env option is used) or the values specified by the -relative option.
  -feature_file | This option allows the user to override the default feature file (MPC/config/ default.features or ACE_wrappers/bin/MakeProjectCreator/config/default.features ) which may or may not exist. This file can be used to override feature values specified in the global.features file located in the config directory. Feature files are described in the Feature File section.
  -features | Specifies the feature list to set before processing. This is a comma separated list and should contain no spaces.
  -for_eclipse | Allows generated makefiles to be used with Eclipse.
  -gendot | A .dot file, for use with Graphviz, will be created for each workspace processed.
  -genins | This option instructs MPC to generate an “install” file after processing each project. These “install” files can be used with the prj_install.pl script which will copy portions of the project related files into a user specified location.
  -gfeature_file | Specifies the global feature file. The default global feature file is global.features found in the config directory.
  -global | This option specifies the global input file. Values stored within this base project are applied to all generated projects. The default value is ACE_wrappers/bin/MakeProjectCreator/global.mpb or MPC/config/global.mpb.
  -hierarchy | If this option is used with mwc.pl , it will generate a workspace at each directory between the directory in which it is run and the location of a processed mpc file. This option has no effect when used with mpc.pl and is the default for “make” based workspace types.
  -include | Include search directories are added with this option. These search directories are used when locating base projects, template input files and templates. It can be used multiple times on the same command line.
  -into | This option specifies that all generated project files will be placed in a mirrored directory structure.
  -language | This option is used to specify which language to assume when generating projects. The default language is cplusplus, but csharp, java and vb are also supported.
  -make_coexistence | Make based project types that normally name the workspace Makefile (bmake or nmake ) will name the generated output files such that they can coexist within the same directory. In essence, the bmake and nmake workspace names will not be Makefile, but the name of the workspace followed by the project type (.bmake or .nmake ).
  -name_modifier | This option allows the user to modify the output names of projects and workspaces. These are usually determined by either the mpc or mwc file, but can be modified using a pattern replacement. The parameter passed to this option will be used as the pattern and any asterisks (*) found in the pattern will be replaced with the project or workspace name depending on which type of file is being created.
  -apply_project | This option is only useful with the -name_modifier option. When used in conjunction with -name_modifier, the pattern will be applied to the project name in addition to the project or workspace name.
  -nocomments | Comments will not be placed in the generated workspace files.
  -noreldefs | This option specifies that the default relative definitions should not be generated. See the -relative option below.
  -notoplevel | This option tells mwc.pl to generate all workspace related project files, but do not generate the associated workspace. This option tells mpc.pl to process all mpc files passed in, but it will not generate any project files.
  -recurse | Search from the current directory for any input files and process them from the directory in which they are located.
  -relative | Relative paths are used to replace variables enclosed with $(). By default, any environment variable that ends in _ROOT will be automatically used as a relative path replacement. For more information see the -relative Option..
  -relative_file | This option allows you to override the default relative definitions file, which is default.rel under the MPC config directory..
  -static | Specifies that static project files will be generated from the MPC projects. The default is to generate dynamic project files.
  -template | This option allows a user to specify an alternate template. Each project type has its own template and this option allows a user to override the default template.
  -ti | Each project type has a set of template input files. With this option the default template input file can be overridden for a particular project type. For more information see the -ti Option..
  -type | This option specifies the type of project or workspace to be generated. It can be specified multiple times to generate different project types for a single set of input files.
  -use_env | This option instructs MPC to replace all $() instances with the corresponding environment variable value instead of using values provided by the -relative option.
  -value_project | Use this option to override an mpc project assignment from the command line. This can be used to introduce new name value pairs to a project. However, it must be a valid project assignment. For more information see the -value_project Option..
  -value_template | This option can be used to override existing template input variable values from the command line. It can not be used to introduce new template input name value pairs. For more information see the -value_template Option..
  -version | The MPC version is printed and no files are processed.

##### Additional Option Descriptions

- Some of the options in Command Line Options require an expanded explanation. You will find more information on the -relative, -ti, -value_project and -value_template options below.

###### The -relative Option.

- Some project types do not (completely) support the idea of accessing environment variables through the use of $(), and therefore MPC must ensure that generated projects are usable in these cases. In order to avoid the existence of $() variables within the generated project files, relative paths are put in place of those (where possible).
- The -relative option takes a single parameter of a name value pair, for example:

- mwc.pl -relative PROJ_TOP=/usr/projects/top

- In above example, if the text "$(PROJ_TOP) " is found as a value for any mpb, mpc, mpd, or mpt variable then it is replaced by a path that is relative to /usr/projects/top. For example, if an mpc file located under /usr/projects/top/dir contained the following:

- project {

  includes += $(PROJ_TOP)

  }

- The generated project file would contain text similar to:

- CPPFLAGS += -I..

- The $(PROJ_TOP) string was replaced with a directory value that is relative to the directory in which the mpc file is located.

###### The -ti Option.

- The -ti option allows you to identify different template input files based on the type of target being built. Template input files correspond to four different categories: dll, lib, dll_exe, and lib_exe. Not all project types distinguish between the different categories, but the templates for various project types will be combined with different template input files, depending on the build target type, to generate different output.
- To override the default template input file names, a -ti option is provided. The -ti option takes a single parameter of the form type:file. The type is one of the four categories stated above and the file is the base name of an mpt file located somewhere in the include search paths.
- The following example shows a usage of the -ti option. It says that when generating a static project (lib), use the vc7lib template input file and when generating a dynamic project (dll), use the vc7dll template input file:

- mpc.pl -type vc71 -ti lib:vc7dsplib -ti dll:vc7dspdll

- These happen to be the default values for the vc71 type, but it illustrates that a different template input can be specified for each category.

###### The -value_project Option.

- The -value_project option can be useful when the need arises to modify the value of an MPC variable across one or more mpc files. For example, if you wanted to generate all of your projects with an additional include search path you would run the following command:

- mwc.pl -value_project includes+=/include/path

- In the above example, an additional include search path of /include/path would be placed in all generated projects.

###### The -value_template Option.

- This option modifies existing or adds new template input name/value pairs. For example, if you wanted to generate dynamic vc71 projects with only Release targets, you would run the following command:

- mwc.pl -type vc71 -value_template configurations=Release

- To find out what template input variables are defined, see the individual mpd file of interest ($ACE_ROOT/bin/MakeProjectCreator/templates/*.mpd and $MPC_ROOT/templates/*.mpd ) and search for names used within <% and %> or use the document_template.pl script described in the Template Variable Documentation section. Names that are not listed as project keywords (see Assignment Keywords) are template variables.

#### Configuration Files

- ###### Codebase Configuration File

- This configuration file can be used to specify alternate locations for the MPC Configuration File (discussed below). If a base.cfg is found underneath the config directory in the MPC root directory, it will be read to determine the location of MPC.cfg based on the directory in which MPC was started.
- For example, if $MPC_ROOT/mwc.pl is run under /foo/bar_root/src and $MPC_ROOT/config/base.cfg contained:

- /foo/bar_root = /foo/bar_root/MPC/config

- MPC would attempt to open and read /foo/bar_root/MPC/config/MPC.cfg as the MPC Configuration File. If the base configuration file is not present, MPC will try to use $MPC_ROOT/config/MPC.cfg as the MPC Configuration File.
- You may reference environment variables, accessed via the dollar sign (e.g., $NAME), on either side of the equals sign.

- ###### MPC Configuration File

- In an effort to move away from the use of environment variables, a configuration file has been introduced. The configuration file (MPC.cfg) can contain settings to provide command line options, control logging and direct MPC to dynamic project types.
- The following keywords are allowed in the configuration file.

- Keyword | Description
  --- | ---
  command_line | Provide additional command line options to MPC. The value of this setting will be prepended to the options passed to mwc.pl or mpc.pl.
  default_type | Provide a single project type (as specified by the -type option) as the default project type.
  dynamic_types | This comma separated list points to directories in which MPC will search for Perl modules to implement additional MPC project types, base projects or template files. This setting can be used to augment or replace functionality in MPC. For each suitable directory found, it will add a modules include path for Perl to find modules, add a config include path to locate base projects and a template include path to find MPC templates.
  includes | Similar to the -include command line option, it adds the list of comma separated paths to the MPC include search paths.
  logging | If this setting contains info=1, informational messages will be printed. If it contains warn=1, warning messages will be printed. If it contains diag=1, diagnostic messages will be printed. If it contains debug=1, debug message will be printed. And lastly, if it contains detail=1, detail messages will be printed. If it contains none of these, MPC will not print out any information or warnings when processing projects or workspaces. Errors are always printed if any are encountered. The default value is warn=1, diag=1, detail=1.
  main_functions | Provide additional main functions to be recognized in conjunction with automatic executable project recognition. The value assigned should be of the form <language>:<func name>[, <language>:<func name>]*. A function can be specified for all languages by only providing the function name.
  verbose_ordering | If this is set, mwc.pl will warn the user about references to projects in the after keyword that have not been processed.

#### Environment Variables

- MPC recognizes a few environment variables that alter the way it performs certain tasks. The sections below describe each one and the effect it has on MPC.
- The MPC_DEPENDENCY_COMBINED_STATIC_LIBRARY environment variable only affects the way workspace dependencies are created for static projects with the em3, vc6, vc7, vc71, vc8, vc9 and vc10 project types. If this environment variable is set, MPC will generate inter-project dependencies for libraries within a single workspace. This is usually not desired since adding these dependencies in a static workspace has the side effect of including dependee libraries into the dependent library.
- The MPC_GHS_UNIX environment variable is only meaningful when generating the ghs project files. By default, the ghs type assumes that it is for Windows. Set this environment variable prior to running MPC if this is not the case.
- The MPC_USE_WIN_COMMANDS environment variable causes the Windows related pseudo template variables to be used regardless of the type of project being generated.

### Writing MPC and MWC Files

- You may want to familiarize yourself with the various input files for MPC. The input file types and the syntax of each are discussed in the sections below.

#### Input Files

- There are four different input files associated with MPC. For most users of MPC, the main files of concern are mpc and mwc files.

##### Project Files (mpc)

- Project files, those with the mpc extension, contain such things as include paths, library paths, source files and inter-project dependencies. An mpc file can contain one or more “projects” each of which needs to be uniquely named to avoid project generation errors. Projects represent build targets such as libraries and executables.

##### Workspace Files (mwc)

- Workspaces are defined by providing a list of mpc files, directories or other mwc files in a single mwc file. For each mpc file, the Workspace Creator calls upon the Project Creator to generate the project. After all of the projects are successfully generated, the tool-specific workspace is generated containing the projects and any defined inter-project dependency information (if supported by the build tool). An mwc file can contain one or more “workspaces,” each of which needs to be uniquely named. If no workspace files are provided to the workspace creator, the current directory is traversed and any mpc files located will be part of the workspace that is generated.

##### Base Project Files (mpb)

- One of the many unique and useful features of MPC is that the project definition files can use inheritance. Project inheritance allows a user to set up a base project (mpb file) that can contain information that is applicable to all derived projects. Common project attributes, such as include paths, library paths, and inter-project dependencies, could be described in this base project and any project that inherits from it would contain this information as well.

##### Base Workspace Files (mwb)

- As with projects, workspaces can also inherit from other workspaces. A base workspace can provide workspace information that may be common to other workspaces.

#### General Input File Syntax

- In this section we discuss the syntax of the various files. We also describe some of the default values that go along with these files.

##### mwc and mwb

- Workspaces can contain individual mpc files or directories. There can be one or more workspaces defined within a single mwc file.

- workspace(optional name): optional_base_workspace {

  file.mpc

  directory

  other.mwc

  exclude(vc6, vc7, vc71, vc8, vc9, vc10, nmake) {

  this_directory

  }

  exclude(prop:microsoft) {

  non_microsoft

  }

  }

- A workspace can be given a name. This is the value given in the parentheses after the keyword workspace. If the workspace is not given a name, the workspace name is taken from the name of the mwc file without the extension.
- Workspaces can also inherit from other workspaces. In the above example, optional_base_workspace would be the base name of an mwb file with no extension that contains workspace information. This information would then be included in each workspace that inherits from it.
- The lines between the curly braces contain assignments, mpc files, directories, other workspace files or exclusion sections. The mpc files listed will be included in the workspace. If a directory is listed within the workspace, the workspace creator will recursively traverse that directory and use any mpc files that are found. If a workspace file is listed it will be aggregated into the main workspace.
- A workspace can have assignments interspersed within the directories and mpc files. These assignments modify the way projects are generated.
- The cmdline setting can be used to provide command line options that would normally be passed to mwc.pl (see Command Line Options). However, the -type, -recurse , -noreldefs , -make_coexistence, -genins, -into and -language options as well as input files are ignored. Environment variables may be accessed through $NAME, where NAME is the environment variable name. The cmdline assignment may be useful for workspaces that require specific mwc.pl options in order to process correctly.
- The only other setting supported by mwc.pl is implicit. If implicit is set to 1 then default project files are generated in each directory where no mpc file exists. The implicit keyword can also be set to the name of a base project. In this case, the implicitly generated project will inherit from the base project specified in the assignment. Either way, if the directory does not contain files that can be used within a project, no project is created. Setting implicit can be useful when you want to define specific workspaces, but the MPC defaults are sufficient for the directories involved within the workspace.
- Scoped assignments are assignments that are associated with specific mpc files or directories listed with the scope of the assignment. The following example shows a scoped assignment of cmdline that only applies to one of the mpc files listed in the workspace. In this example, directory/foo.mpc would be processed as if the -static option had been passed on the command line whereas other directories and mpc files would not.

- workspace {

  ...

  static {

  cmdline += -static

  directory/foo.mpc

  }

  exclude(gnuace, make) {

  some.mpc

  }

  // Associate the name "other" with dir3

  associate(other) {

  dir3

  }

  }

- Exclusion sections are used to prevent directories and mpc files from being processed. These excluded directories and mpc files will be skipped when generating project files and workspaces. The exclude keyword accepts project types as well as properties (see Properties) within the parentheses (as above), which will cause the workspace creator to only exclude the listing for particular types. If no types are provided, exclusion will take place for all project types.
- The associate scope associates a name with one or more directories. This does not add directories to a workspace, it only makes an association. This may or may not have an effect on the generated workspace; it depends solely upon whether the project type supports associations. Currently automake is the only project type that supports associations. Each directory listed under an association is grouped together and built conditionally based on the association name.
- Comments are similar to the C++ style comments. Any text after a double slash (// ) is considered a comment.

##### mpc and mpb

###### Project Declarations

- Project declarations are similar to workspace declarations, but are a bit more complex. An mpc file can contain one or more “projects” and each project can inherit from base projects.

- project(optional name): base_project, another_base_project {

  exename = client

  includes += directory_name other_directory

  libpaths += /usr/X11R6/lib

  Header_Files {

  file1.h

  file2.h

  fileN.h

  }

  Source_Files {

  file1.cpp

  file2.cpp

  fileN.cpp

  }

  }

- If the optional project name is not given, then the project name is taken from the name of the mpc file without the extension. Therefore, if your mpc file is going to contain multiple projects, it is important to provide project names to prevent each generated project from overwriting the other. MPC will issue an error and stop if duplicate project names are detected.

###### Base Projects

- Base projects can be of the extension mpb and mpc. If a file with the name of the base project with an mpb or mpc extension cannot be found within the mpc include search path, a fatal error is issued and processing halts.

###### Assignment Keywords

- This table shows the keywords that can be used in an assignment (i.e., =, += or -= ) within an mpc file. The most commonly used keywords are shown in bold face.

- ###### Assignment Keywords

  Keyword | Description
  --- | ---
  after | Specifies that this project must be built after 1 or more project names listed. An extended syntax is available in order to associate name-value pairs with a dependency: <project name[:name=value]> These name-value pairs may be used in the creation of the dependencies of the project.
  avoids | Specifies which features should be disabled in order to generate the project file. Under the GNUACE type, it also specifies which make macros should not be set to build the target.
  custom_only | This setting instructs MPC to create projects that only contain custom generation targets. Any files included in the projects will be provided by custom component lists defined through the use of Define_Custom.
  dllout | If defined, specifies where the dynamic libraries will be placed. This overrides libout in the dynamic case.
  dynamicflags | Specifies preprocessor flags passed to the compiler when building a dynamic library.
  exename | Determines that the project will be an executable and the name of the executable target.
  exeout | Specifies where executables will be placed.
  includes | Specifies one or more directories to supply to the compiler for use as include search paths.
  libout | Specifies where the dynamic and static libraries will be placed.
  libpaths | Specifies one or more directories to supply to the compiler for use as library search paths.
  libs | Specifies one or more libraries to link into the target. Library modifiers may be added when being processed in the template file. For example, library modifiers are added when using the vc6 project type.
  lit_libs | This is the same as libs except that a library modifier will not be added.
  macros | Values supplied here will be passed directly to the compiler as command line defined macros.
  managed | Specifies that the source files should be compiled as managed C++. This is only supported by the nmake, vc7, vc71, vc8, vc9, and vc10 project types.
  no_pch | It specifies that precompiled headers should not be used for the source files listed within the scope of it’s setting. This keyword can only be used as a source component scoped setting (i.e., inside the scope of Source_Files).
  pch_header | The name of the precompiled header file. See the discussion below this table for more information.
  pch_source | The name of the precompiled source file. See the discussion below this table for more information.
  postbuild | If this is defined in the project, the value will be interpreted as commands to run after the project has been successfully built. The <% %> construct (see Template Files) can be used within this value to access template variables and functions of the template parser. See Common Pseudo Variables for a list of pseudo variables that are also available.
  postclean | If this is defined in the project, the value will be interpreted as commands to run after the project has been cleaned. It should be noted that this setting is not supported by all project types. As with postbuild, the <% %> construct (see Template Files) can be used within this value to access template variables and functions of the template parser. See Common Pseudo Variables for a list of pseudo variables that are also available.
  prebuild | If this is defined in the project, the value will be interpreted as commands to run before the project has been built. As with postbuild, the <% %> construct (see Template Files) can be used within this value to access template variables and functions of the template parser. See Common Pseudo Variables for a list of pseudo variables that are also available.
  pure_libs | This is similar to lit_libs except that no prefix or extension is added to the names specified.
  recurse | If set to 1, MPC will recurse into directories listed under component listings (such as Source_Files, Header_Files, etc.) and add any component corresponding files to the list. This keyword can be used as a global project setting or a component scoped setting.
  recursive_includes | This is similar to includes in that it provides include paths to the compiler. However, each path supplied will be recursively searched for sub-directories which will also be provided as include paths to the compiler.
  recursive_libpaths | This is similar to libpaths in that it provides library search paths to the linker. However, each path supplied will be recursively searched for sub-directories which will also be provided as library search paths to the linker.
  requires | Specifies which features should be enabled in order to generate the project file. Under the GNUACE type, it also specifies which make macros should be set to build the target.
  sharedname | Determines that the project will be a library and the name of the dynamic library target. See the discussion below this table for more information.
  staticflags | Specifies preprocessor flags passed to the compiler when building a static library.
  staticname | Determines that the project will be a library and the name of the static library target.
  tagchecks | For GNUACE Make only, specifies one or more names to search for in the macros specified by tagname.
  tagname | Specifies the GNUACE Make macro to check before building the target.
  version | Specifies the version number for the library or executable.
  webapp | Determines whether the project is a Web Application. A web application project will have no project file written but the information will be included in the workspace if web applications are supported by the project type.

- Assignments can also use the += and -= operators to add and subtract values from keyword values.
- If a sharedname is specified in the mpc file and staticname is not used, then staticname is assumed to be the same as sharedname. This also applies in the opposite direction.
- If neither exename, sharedname nor staticname is specified, MPC will search the source files for a main function. If a main is found, the exename will be set to the name of the file, minus the extension, that contained the main function. Otherwise, sharedname and staticname will be set to the project name.
- If the project name, exename, sharedname or staticname contain an asterisk it instructs MPC to dynamically determine a portion of the name based on certain defaults. If the project name contains an asterisk, then the asterisk will be replaced with the default project name. If exename, sharedname or staticname contains an asterisk, then the asterisk will be replaced with the project name.
- If the pch_header keyword is not used and a file exists, in the directory in which the mpc file is located, that matches *_pch.h it is assumed to be the precompiled header for that directory. If there are multiple pch files in the directory, then the precompiled header that closely matches the project name will be chosen. Similar logic applies for the pch_source keyword.

###### Components

- An mpc file can also specify the files to be included in the generated “project” file. These files are specified using the component names shown in the following table. However, most of the time users will want to allow MPC to provide the default values for project files.

- ###### Component Names and Default Values

  Name | Default Value
  --- | ---
  Source_Files | Defaults to all files in the directory that have the following extensions: cpp, cxx, cc, c, and C.
  Header_Files | Defaults to all files in the directory that have the following extensions: h, hpp, hxx, and hh.
  Inline_Files | Defaults to all files in the directory that have the following extensions: i and inl.
  Template_Files | Defaults to all files in the directory that end in the following: _T.cpp, _T.cxx, _T.cc, _T.c, and _T.C.
  Documentation_Files | Defaults to all files in the directory that match the following: README, readme, .doc, .html and .txt.
  Resource_Files | Defaults to all files in the directory that match the project name and have an rc extension.

- If a component is not specified in the mpc file, the default value will be used. To disallow a particular set of files that may exist in the directory, you must declare an empty set of the particular component type.
- Each component name accepts two forms. The first form is a simple list of files within the construct.

- Source_Files {

  file1.cpp

  file2.cpp

  }

- The second form is a complex list of files within named blocks.

- Source_Files(MACRO_NAME) {

  BlockA {

  file1.cpp

  file2.cpp

  }

  BlockB {

  file3.cpp

  file4.cpp

  }

  }

- The second form allows the user to logically group the files to make future maintenance easier. Using this form has the effect of visually grouping files in the generated project file for the em3, gnuace, vc6, vc7, vc71, vc8, vc9 and vc10 project types.
- If a file is listed in the Source_Files component list and a corresponding header or inline file exists in the directory, it is added to the corresponding component list unless it is already listed.

###### Verbatim Clause

- The verbatim construct can be used to place text into a generated project file verbatim. The verbatim syntax is as follows:

- verbatim(<project type>, <location>) {

  ...

  }

- When MPC is generating a project of type <project type> and encounters a marker in the template file (see Template File Keywords) that matches the <location> name, it will place the text found inside the construct directly into the generated project. If the text inside the construct requires that white space be preserved, each line must be enclosed in double quotes. The following verbatim example would result in gnuace generated projects having a rule at the bottom of the GNUmakefile where the all: target depends on foo.

- verbatim(gnuace, bottom) {

  all: foo

  }

###### Expand Clause

- The expand keyword can be used to provide values for variable names enclosed within $(). In the example below, we see the name VAR_NAME inside the parenthesis. Whenever MPC sees $(VAR_NAME) it will attempt to replace it with values from the expansion list. MPC will first try to replace it with the value of the environment variable named ENV_VAR. If that environment variable has a value, it will be used. Otherwise, it will continue down the list until a suitable value is found. In this example, the text last_resort_value will be used. MPC will leave the $() value as it was in the event that no value is found.

- expand(VAR_NAME) {

  $ENV_VAR

  last_resort_value

  }

###### Specific Clause

- The specific keyword can be used to define assignments that are specific to a particular project type or property specified in the parenthesis. This will allow platform or OS-specific values to be placed into a project. For example, on one platform you may want to link in a library named qt-mt, but on another you need to link in qt-mt230nc.

- specific(prop:windows) {

  lit_libs += qt-mt230nc

  } else {

  lit_libs += qt-mt

  }

- If an else clause is provided, it is required to be on the same line as the closing curly brace. You may also negate the project type or property (using ’!’) which will cause the specific to be evaluated for all types except the type specified.
- If a keyword used within a specific section is not recognized as a valid MPC keyword, it is interpreted to be template value modifier. In this situation, this construct works exactly the same way as the -value_template command line option (see Command Line Options).
- The following table shows which properties apply to which project types. The static property (not represented in the table) is set if the -static option is supplied when processing the project files. Additionally, a property that corresponds to the language will be set (e.g., cplusplus, csharp, java, vb).

- ###### Property Table

  Project Type | borland | make | microsoft | windows
  --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
  automake |  | Yes |  |
  bcb2007 | Yes |  |  | Yes
  bcb2009 | Yes |  |  | Yes
  bds4 | Yes |  |  | Yes
  bmake | Yes | Yes |  | Yes
  cc |  |  |  | Yes
  em3 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  ghs |  |  |  | Depends
  make |  | Yes |  |
  nmake |  | Yes | Yes | Yes
  vc6 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  vc7 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  vc71 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  vc8 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  vc9 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  vc10 |  |  | Yes | Yes
  wix |  |  |  | Yes

- The ghs project type can be used on both Windows and UNIX. The windows property will be active if the MPC_GHS_UNIX environment variable is not set during project generation.

###### Conditional Clause

- This scope allows addition of source files conditionally based on a particular project type or property (see the property table). The syntax is as follows:

- conditional(<project type|property> [, <project type|property> ...]) {

  source1.cpp

  ...

  }

  conditional(<project type|property> [, <project type|property> ...]) {

  source1.cpp

  ...

  } else {

  source2.cpp

  ...

  }

- If the else is provided, it is required to be on the same line as the closing curly brace. You may also negate the project type (using ’!’) which will cause the conditional to be evaluated for all types except the type specified.

###### Custom Types and Build Rules

- MPC allows you to define your own custom file types to support a variety of custom build rules. Below is an example of a custom definition.

- project {

  Define_Custom(MOC) {

  automatic = 0

  command = $(QTDIR)/bin/moc

  output_option = -o

  inputext = .h

  pre_extension = _moc

  source_outputext = .cpp

  keyword mocflags = commandflags

  }

  // Custom Component

  MOC_Files {

  QtReactor.h

  }

  Source_Files {

  QtReactor_moc.cpp

  }

  }

- The above example defines a custom file type, “MOC ”, that describes basic information about how to process the input files and what output files are created. Once the custom file type is defined, MOC_Files can be used to specify the input files for this new file type.
- Define_Custom definitions may use single inheritance. This is useful for creating aliased names:

  Define_Custom(QtMOC) : MOC {

  }

- The following table contains the keywords that can be used within the scope of Define_Custom.

- ###### Define_Custom Keywords

  Keyword | Description
  --- | ---
  automatic_in | If set to 1, then attempt to automatically determine which files belong to the set of input files for the custom type. If set to 0, then no files are automatically added to the input files.
  automatic_out | If set to 1, then attempt to automatically determine which generated files belong to the set of components (Source_Files, Inline_Files , Header_Files, Template_Files, Resource_Files and Documentation_Files) based on type files that the command generates. If omitted, then automatic_out is assumed to be 1.
  command | The name of the command that should be used to process the input files for the custom type.
  commandflags | Any options that should be passed to the command.
  dependent | If this is given a value, then a dependency upon that value will be given to all of the generated files. The default for this is unset and no dependency will be generated.
  inputext | This is a comma separated list of input file extensions that belong to the command.
  keyword <name> | This is a special assignment that allows the user to map <name> into the project level namespace. The value (if any) that is assigned to this construct must be one of the keywords that can be used within a Define_Custom clause. The result of this assignment is the ability modify the value of keywords that are normally only accessible within the scope of a custom component (e.g. command, commandflags, etc.).
  libpath | If the command requires a library that is not in the normal library search path, this keyword can be used to ensure that the command is able to find the library that it needs to run.
  output_option | If the command takes an option to specify a single file output name, then set it here. Otherwise, this should be omitted.
  output_follows_input | This setting defaults to 1 and indicates that output files from the custom command will end up in the same directory as the input files. If this is set to 0, it is assumed that the output files will go into the same directory as the .mpc file.
  pch_postrule | If this is set to 1, then a rule will be added to the custom rule that will modify the source output files to include the precompiled header file.
  postcommand | This allows users to create arbitrary commands that will be run after the main command is run to process the custom input files.
  pre_extension | If the command produces multiple files of the same extension, this comma separated list can be used to specify them. For example, tao_idl creates two types of files per extension (C.h, S.h, C.cpp, S.cpp, etc.) This applies to all extension types.
  source_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to source files.
  inline_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to inline files.
  header_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to header files.
  template_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to template files.
  resource_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to resource files.
  documentation_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to documentation files.
  generic_pre_extension | This is the same as pre_extension except that it only applies to generic files.
  pre_filename | The syntax for this is the same as pre_extension, but the values specified are prepended to the file name instead of the extension. This applies to all extension types.
  source_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to source files.
  inline_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to inline files.
  header_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to header files.
  template_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to template files.
  resource_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to resource files.
  documentation_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to documentation files.
  generic_pre_filename | This is the same as pre_filename except that it only applies to generic files.
  pre_dirname | The syntax for this is the same as pre_filename, but the value specified is prepended to the directory portion of the file name instead of the file name itself. If a separate directory is desired, the pre_dirname setting should end in a slash.
  source_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to source files.
  inline_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to inline files.
  header_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to header files.
  template_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to template files.
  resource_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to resource files.
  documentation_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to documentation files.
  generic_pre_dirname | This is the same as pre_dirname except that it only applies to generic files.
  source_outputext | This is a comma separated list of possible source file output extensions. If the command does not produce source files, then this can be omitted.
  inline_outputext | This is a comma separated list of possible inline file output extensions. If the command does not produce inline files, then this can be omitted.
  header_outputext | This is a comma separated list of possible header file output extensions. If the command does not produce header files, then this can be omitted.
  template_outputext | This is a comma separated list of possible template file output extensions. If the command does not produce template files, then this can be omitted.
  resource_outputext | This is a comma separated list of possible resource file output extensions. If the command does not produce resource files, then this can be omitted.
  documentation_outputext | This is a comma separated list of possible documentation file output extensions. If the command does not produce documentation files, then this can be omitted.
  generic_outputext | If the command does not generate any of the other output types listed above, then the extensions should be listed under this.

- There is a special interaction between custom components and the source, header and inline components. If a custom definition is set to be “automatic” and custom component files are present but not specified, the default custom generated names are added to the source, header and inline component lists unless those names are already listed (or partially listed) in those component lists. See Custom Types and Build Rules for more information about defining your own custom type.
- Particular output extensions for custom build types are not required. However, at least one output extension type is required for MPC to generate a target. Your command does not necessarily have to generate output, but an extension type is required if you want the input file to be processed during the project compilation.
- If the custom output can not be represented with the above output extension keywords (*_outputext) and you have knowledge of the output files a priori, you can represent them with the >> construct.
- Below is an example that demonstrates the use of >>. The command takes an input file name of foo.prp and produces two files that have completely unrelated filenames, hello.h and hello.cpp.

- project {

  Define_Custom(Quogen) {

  automatic = 0

  command = perl quogen.pl

  commandflags = --debuglevel=1 --language=c++ \

  --kernel_language=c++

  inputext = .prp

  keyword quogenflags = commandflags

  }

  Quogen_Files {

  foo.prp >> hello.h hello.cpp

  }

  Source_Files {

  hello.cpp

  }

  }

- You can use the << construct to represent dependencies for specific custom input file. For instance, in the above example, assume that foo.prp depends upon foo.in, we would represent this by adding << foo.in as shown below.

- Quogen_Files {

  foo.prp >> hello.h hello.cpp << foo.in

  }

- An additional construct can be used within the scope of a Define_Custom. This construct is called optional, and can be used to represent optional custom command output that is dependent upon particular command line parameters passed to the custom command.

- project {

  Define_Custom(TEST) {

  optional(keyword) {

  flag_keyword(option) += value [, value]

  }

  }

  }

- In the above fragment, keyword can be any of the pre_extension, pre_filename keywords or any of the keywords that end in _outputext. The flag_keyword can be any of the custom definition keywords, however only commandflags has any functional value. The flag_keyword value is searched for the option value contained inside the parenthesis. If it is found the value or values after the += are added to the list specified by keyword. This can also be negated by prefixing the option with an exclamation point (!).
- The example below shows how the optional construct is used by the custom definition for the tao_idl command (see ACE_wrappers/TAO/MPC/config/taoidldefaults.mpb ). The -GA option causes tao_idl to generate an additional source file (based on the idl file name) with an A.cpp extension. The -Sc option causes tao_idl to suppress the generation of S_T related files.

- Define_Custom(IDL) {

  ...

  inputext = .idl

  source_pre_extension = C, S

  header_pre_extension = C, S

  inline_pre_extension = C, S

  source_outputext = .cpp, .cxx, .cc, .C

  header_outputext = .h, .hpp, .hxx, .hh

  inline_outputext = .inl, .i

  keyword idlflags = commandflags

  optional(source_pre_extension) {

  commandflags(-GA) += A

  }

  optional(template_outputext) {

  commandflags(!-Sc) += S_T.cpp, S_T.cxx, S_T.cc, S_T.C

  }

  optional(header_pre_extension) {

  commandflags(!-Sc) += S_T

  }

  optional(inline_pre_extension) {

  commandflags(!-Sc) += S_T

  }

  }

- For custom file types, there are a few keywords that can be used within the custom file type component lists: command, commandflags, dependent, gendir, postcommand, and recurse.
- The recurse keyword works as described in Assignment Keywords.
- The command, commandflags, dependent and postcommand keywords can be used to augment or override the value defined in the Define_Custom section.
- The gendir keyword can be used (only if output_option is set in Define_Custom ) to specify the directory in which the generated output will go. Here is an example:

- MOC_Files {

  commandflags += -nw

  gendir = moc_generated

  QtReactor.h

  }

  Source_Files {

  moc_generated/QtReactor_moc.cpp

  }

- In the above example, the -nw option is added to commandflags and the generated file (QtReactor_moc.cpp ) is placed in the moc_generated directory. If the MOC custom definition did not have an output_option setting, then options would need to be added to commandflags or a postcommand would need to be defined to ensure that the output actually went into the moc_generated directory.

###### Modify_Custom

- An existing Define_Custom section can be modified by using Modify_Custom. The syntax of the body is identical to that of a Define_Custom. The example below shows a modification to the TAO IDL defaults found in taoidldefaults.mpb of the TAO+ACE distribution. Everything provided by the Define_Custom(IDL) remains unchanged except for the values set within the Modify_Custom(IDL).

- project: taoidldefaults {

  specific(!automake) {

  tao_idlflags += -Sc -hs _s.h -si _s.i -ss _s.cpp -hc .h -ci .i -cs .cpp

  }

  // This allows "make idl_stubs" to work

  verbatim(gnuace, macros) {

  IDL_CLIENT_HDR_EXT ?= .h

  IDL_CLIENT_INL_EXT ?= .i

  IDL_CLIENT_SRC_EXT ?= .cpp

  IDL_SERVER_HDR_EXT ?= _s.h

  IDL_SERVER_INL_EXT ?= _s.i

  IDL_SERVER_SRC_EXT ?= _s.cpp

  }

  Modify_Custom(IDL) {

  source_pre_extension = , _s

  header_pre_extension = , _s

  inline_pre_extension = , _s

  inline_outputext = .i

  }

  }

###### Custom Post Command

- When defining a postcommand as part of a Define_Custom, a few pseudo template variables are available to provide some flexibility. The following table shows the pseudo template variables that can be accessed only from the postcommand. Please note that <% and %> are part of the syntax.

- ###### Post Command Pseudo Variables

  Variable | Description
  --- | ---
  <%input%> | The input file to the command.
  <%input_basename%> | The basename of the input file to the command.
  <%input_dirname%> | The directory name of the input file to the command.
  <%input_noext%> | The input file to the command with the extension stripped off.
  <%input_ext%> | This gives the file extension of the input file (if there is one).
  <%output%> | The output file created by the original command.
  <%output_basename%> | The basename of the output file to the command.
  <%output_dirname%> | The directory name of the output file to the command.
  <%output_noext%> | The output file created by the original command with the extension stripped off.
  <%output_ext%> | This gives the file extension of the output file (if there is one).
  The output file can be referenced as a generic output file, or it can be referenced as a component file using one of the following variables. If it does not match the specific type the value will be empty.
  <%documentation_file%> | The output file if it is a documentation file.
  <%header_file%> | The output file if it has a header file extension.
  <%inline_file%> | The output file if it has an inline file extension.
  <%resource_file%> (<%resx_file%> for C# and VB) | The output file if it has a resource file extension.
  <%source_file%> | The output file if it has a source file extension.
  <%template_file%> | The output file if it is a template file.
  <%documentation_file_noext%> | The output file without an extension if it is a documentation file.
  <%header_file_noext%> | The output file without an extension if it has a header file extension.
  <%inline_file_noext%> | The output file without an extension if it has an inline file extension.
  <%resource_file_noext%> (<%resx_file_noext%> for C# and VB) | The output file without an extension if it has a resource file extension.
  <%source_file_noext%> | The output file without an extension if it has a source file extension.
  <%template_file_noext%> | The output file without an extension if it is a template file.
  The extensions of the input and output files are also available as pseudo variables.
  <%input_ext%> | The extension of the input file (if it has one).
  <%output_ext%> | The extension of the output file (if it has one).

- The following table describes the pseudo template variables that can be used in the command, commandflags, dependent, output_option and postcommand settings.

- ###### Common Pseudo Variables

  Variable | Description
  --- | ---
  <%and%> | A platform and project non-specific representation of a command conditional and.
  <%cat%> | A platform non-specific command to print a file to the terminal.
  <%cmdsep%> | A project and platform non-specific command separator which always runs right-hand side of the command. For example, in the following psuedo commmand string, both the <%cat%> and <%mv%> commands would be run. <%cat%> <%source_file%> <%gt%> foo <%cmdsep%> <%mv%> foo other_dir
  <%cmp%> | A platform non-specific command to compare two files.
  <%cp%> | A platform non-specific command to copy a file.
  <%crlf%> | A platform non-specific line ending.
  <%equote%> | A project non-specific escaped double quote.
  <%gendir%> | The output directory specified by the gendir setting. This variable is not available to postbuild, postclean, orprebuild.
  <%gt%> | A platform and project non-specific representation of a greater than sign.
  <%lt%> | A platform and project non-specific representation of a less than sign.
  <%mkdir%> | A platform non-specific command to make a directory.
  <%mv%> | A platform non-specific command to move a file.
  <%nul%> | A platform non-specific null device.
  <%or%> | A platform and project non-specific representation of a command conditional or.
  <%os%> | Returns either win32 or unix.
  <%prj_type%> | The project type as supplied by the -type command line option.
  <%quote%> | A project non-specific representation of a double quote.
  <%rm%> | A platform non-specific command to delete a file.
  <%rmdir%> | A platform non-specific recursive directory delete command.
  <%slash%> | A platform non-specific directory separator.
  <%temporary%> | A temporary file name. The generated temporary file name contains no directory portion and is the same for each use within the same variable setting.
  The following variables will be set to the known extension for Windows based project types and empty on non-Windows based project types.
  <%bat%> | The extension for batch files.
  <%cmd%> | The extension for command files.
  <%exe%> | The extension for executable files.

##### The Feature File

- The term feature, as used by MPC, describes different concepts or external software that a project may require in order to build properly. The feature file determines which features are enabled or disabled which has a direct effect on whether or not MPC generates a project.
- It supports the standard comment (// ) and assignment of numbers to feature names. These feature names will correspond to values given to the requires and avoids keywords in mpc files.
- If a feature is not listed in the feature file or is listed with a boolean value of true (1), that feature is enabled. If a feature is listed and has a boolean value of false (0), that feature is disabled.
- If a feature name is listed in the requires value for a particular project and that feature is enabled, that project will be generated. If the feature is not enabled, the project will not be generated.
- The opposite holds true for the avoids keyword. If a feature name is listed in the avoids value for a project and the feature is disabled, that project will be generated. If the feature is enabled, the project will not be generated.
- The global feature file for MPC contains the following values.

- boost = 0

  bzip2 = 0

  java = 0

  mfc = 0

  python = 0

  qt = 0

  rpc = 0

  swig_java = 0

  swig_perl = 0

  swig_php = 0

  swig_python = 0

  swig_ruby = 0

  swig_tcl = 0

  uses_wchar = 0

  xalan = 0

  xerces = 0

  xerces2 = 0

  xerces3 = 0

  ziparchive = 0

  zlib = 0

  zzip = 0

- In the above contents, all of these features are disabled for each project generated. If these values do not suit your needs, then you must do one of the following:
- - Create a project specific feature file in the config directory (ex., make.features for the make project type) to set features for a particular project type.
  - Create a default.features file in the config directory that contains the feature set you need. These will be applied to all project types.
  - Create a feature file anywhere you like with the features you want and use the -feature_file option to specify the location.
  - Use the -features option to dynamically modify the feature settings.
- Generated projects will have a combination of features specified in the global.features file as well as in your feature file. Therefore, if a feature is disabled in the global file and you want to enable it, you must explicitly enable it in your feature file.

##### Feature Projects

- A feature project contains information as a project would, but can only be a base project and will only be added to a sub project if the features that it requires are enabled or the features that it avoids are disabled.
- A feature definition requires at least one feature name. A name by itself specifies that the feature must be enabled. A ’!’ in front of the feature name indicates that the feature must be disabled. There may be more than one comma separated feature listed between the parenthesis.
- The following example show how to declare a feature project.

- // ziparchive.mpb

  feature(ziparchive) {

  includes += $(ZIPARCHIVEROOT)

  libpaths += $(ZIPARCHIVEROOT)/lib

  libs += ziparch

  }

- With this example, any project that inherits from the ziparchive base feature project will contain the project information only if the ziparchive feature is enabled.

#### Defaults

- MPC has been designed to minimize the amount of maintenance that goes into keeping build tool files up-to-date with the project. If your source code is organized properly, the maintenance of your mpc files should be minimal.
- With the use of inheritance and proper code arrangement, an mpc file for a TAO related project may be as simple as:

- project: taoserver {

  }

- This project definition could be used to generate a project for a TAO server with multiple idl, header and source files.
- The idea of proper source layout is basically summarized as one directory per binary target. If only the files that pertain to a single target are located in the directory with the mpc file, then the MPC defaults will satisfy most project needs.
- Of course, it will not always be possible or desirable to organize your project code in this fashion, so all defaulting behavior can be overridden. The next sections describe the default behaviors of MPC and how to override them.

##### Source Files

- New source files are added and others are removed quite often in a developing project. If the Source_Files component is left out of an mpc file, then MPC will assume that any file matching one of the source extensions is to be included in the project. For most project types, the source extensions are: .cpp, .cxx, .cc, .c and .C. Only the following extensions are considered source extensions: .cpp, .cxx and .c for the em3 and vc6 project types as eMbedded Visual C++ and Visual C++ 6.0 do not understand files with the .cc or .C extension.

##### Template Files

- MPC assumes that any file matching one of the template extensions is to be included in the project if the Template_Files component is left out of an mpc file. For most project types, the template extensions are: _T.cpp, _T.cxx, _T.cc, _T.c, and _T.C. However, only the _T.cpp and _T.cxx extensions are considered template extensions for the em3 and vc6 project types.
- If the Source_Files component is defaulted, and a file is explicitly listed in the Template_Files section that happens to appear to MPC as a source file (i.e., has a source file extension, but does not have _T directly before it), MPC will automatically exclude it from the Source_Files component.

##### Inline Files

- As with source files, the Inline_Files component can be left out of an mpc file to allow it to generate defaults. Files that match the .i and .inl extensions are considered inline files.
- The Inline_Files component has a special interaction with the Source_Files component. If the Source_Files component has files listed and the Inline_Files component is omitted, then each source file is matched to an inline file. If the matching inline file is found or would be generated from a custom command, it is added to the Inline_Files component list.

##### Header Files

- As with source files, the Header_Files component can be left out of an mpc file to allow it to generate defaults. Files that match the .h, .hpp, .hxx, and .hh extensions are considered header files.
- The Header_Files component has a special interaction with the Source_Files component. If the Source_Files component has files listed and the Header_Files component is omitted, then each source file is matched to a header file. If the matching header file is found or would be generated from a custom command, then it is added to the Header_Files component list.

##### Documentation Files

- The Documentation_Files component, if omitted, will default to all files that end in the following: README, readme, .doc, .html and .txt.

##### Resource Files

- The Resource_Files component, if omitted, will default to only the files that end in .rc and are similar to the name of the project. For example, if a directory contains three .rc files and the project name is foo, only the .rc files that contain the word foo will automatically be added to the Resource_Files component list.

##### Custom Defined Files

- The Custom Defined Files components have a special interaction with the Source_Files component. If the custom command generates source files and has the automatic_out setting set to 1, they will automatically be added to the Source_Files component list. If any of the files listed in the Source_Files components list match any of the generated source file names, then none of the generated source file names will be automatically added to the Source_Files components list.

##### Example MPC File

- The example below uses the directory contents of $TAO_ROOT/orbsvcs/performance-tests/RTEvent/lib to illustrate the simplicity of mpc files:

- Auto_Disconnect.cpp Loopback_Supplier.h RTEC_Initializer.cpp

  Auto_Disconnect.h Low_Priority_Setup.cpp RTEC_Initializer.h

  Auto_Disconnect.inl Low_Priority_Setup.h rtec_perf_export.h

  Auto_Functor.cpp Low_Priority_Setup.inl RTEC_Perf.mpc

  Auto_Functor.h Makefile RTPOA_Setup.cpp

  Auto_Functor.inl ORB_Holder.cpp RTPOA_Setup.h

  Client_Group.cpp ORB_Holder.h RTPOA_Setup.inl

  Client_Group.h ORB_Holder.inl RTServer_Setup.cpp

  Client_Group.inl ORB_Shutdown.cpp RTServer_Setup.h

  Client_Options.cpp ORB_Shutdown.h RTServer_Setup.inl

  Client_Options.h ORB_Shutdown.inl Send_Task.cpp

  Client_Pair.cpp ORB_Task_Activator.cpp Send_Task.h

  Client_Pair.h ORB_Task_Activator.h Send_Task_Stopper.cpp

  Client_Pair.inl ORB_Task_Activator.inl Send_Task_Stopper.h

  Consumer.cpp ORB_Task.cpp Send_Task_Stopper.inl

  Consumer.h ORB_Task.h Servant_var.cpp

  Control.cpp ORB_Task.inl Servant_var.h

  Control.h Peer_Base.cpp Servant_var.inl

  EC_Destroyer.cpp Peer_Base.h Shutdown.cpp

  EC_Destroyer.h PriorityBand_Setup.cpp Shutdown.h

  EC_Destroyer.inl PriorityBand_Setup.h Shutdown.inl

  Federated_Test.idl PriorityBand_Setup.inl Supplier.cpp

  Implicit_Deactivator.cpp RIR_Narrow.cpp Supplier.h

  Implicit_Deactivator.h RIR_Narrow.h SyncScope_Setup.cpp

  Implicit_Deactivator.inl RT_Class.cpp SyncScope_Setup.h

  Loopback_Consumer.cpp RT_Class.h SyncScope_Setup.inl

  Loopback_Consumer.h RT_Class.inl TAO_RTEC_Perf.dsp

  Loopback.cpp RTClient_Setup.cpp TAO_RTEC_Perf.dsw

  Loopback.h RTClient_Setup.h Task_Activator.cpp

  Loopback_Pair.cpp RTClient_Setup.inl Task_Activator.h

  Loopback_Pair.h RTCORBA_Setup.cpp Task_Activator.inl

  Loopback_Pair.inl RTCORBA_Setup.h

  Loopback_Supplier.cpp RTCORBA_Setup.inl

- The following mpc file (RTEC_Perf.mpc ) shows the simple and small number of lines required to generate usable build tool project files.

- project(RTEC_Perf): strategies, rtcorbaevent, minimum_corba {

  sharedname = TAO_RTEC_Perf

  idlflags += -Wb,export_macro=TAO_RTEC_Perf_Export \

  -Wb,export_include=rtec_perf_export.h

  dllflags += TAO_RTEC_PERF_BUILD_DLL

  Template_Files {

  Auto_Disconnect.cpp

  Auto_Functor.cpp

  Low_Priority_Setup.cpp

  RIR_Narrow.cpp

  Servant_var.cpp

  Shutdown.cpp

  Task_Activator.cpp

  }

  }

- A line-by-line explanation of the example mpc file is listed below.

- project(RTEC_Perf): strategies, rtcorbaevent, minimum_corba {

- The first line declares a project named RTEC_Perf that inherits from the base projects listed after the colon.

- sharedname = TAO_RTEC_Perf

- Line two determines that the project is a library and the library name is TAO_RTEC_Perf.

- idlflags += -Wb,export_macro=TAO_RTEC_Perf_Export \

  -Wb,export_include=rtec_perf_export.h

- Lines three and four add to the flags passed to the IDL compiler when processing the idl files.

- dllflags += TAO_RTEC_PERF_BUILD_DLL

- Line five adds TAO_RTEC_PERF_BUILD_DLL to the dllflags, which defines a macro that is used by the rtec_perf_export.h header file.

- Template_Files {

  Auto_Disconnect.cpp

  Auto_Functor.cpp

  Low_Priority_Setup.cpp

  RIR_Narrow.cpp

  Servant_var.cpp

  Shutdown.cpp

  Task_Activator.cpp

  }

- Lines 7 through 15 name the listed cpp files as part of the Template_Files.
- You may have noticed that there isn’t much to the file above. With the default behaviors that are built into MPC, there does not need to be. We rely on the defaults to determine the values of IDL_Files, Source_Files, Inline_Files , and Header_Files. Since the template files do not match the MPC built-in defaults, we must explicitly list them. We also rely on inheritance to get many of the TAO-related options.

### Adding a New Type

- If MPC does not support a particular build tool, you may want to consider adding a new project type. For instance, support could be added to MPC for Boost Jam, Xcode and many others. To do so will require knowledge of the MPC input files, as well as Object Oriented Perl.

#### Input File Syntax

- This section describes the syntax of the files that are used during project generation.

##### Template Files (mpd)

- Template files make up the bulk of what MPC puts into each generated project file. They provide the plain text and the layout of the data provided by the mpc files, using various template directives.
- Template directives are declared using a <% %> construct. This construct is used to create if statements, for loops and to access variables. One thing to note is that any text, including white space, that is not enclosed within <% %> is left untouched and is passed directly into the generated project file.
- An if statement can appear on a single line or it can span multiple lines. For example, the following line:

- <%if(exename)%>BIN = <%exename%><%else%>LIB = <%sharedname%><%endif%>

- is equivalent to:

- <%if(exename)%>

  BIN = <%exename%>

  <%else%>

  LIB = <%sharedname%>

  <%endif%>

- A foreach statement can also appear on a single line or can span multiple lines. As described below in the keywords section, the foreach statement evaluates the variable in a space-separated list context.
- There are a couple of ways to write a foreach loop. The first and preferred way is to name the loop variable and then list each variable to be evaluated.

- FILES=<%foreach(fvar, idl_files source_files header_files)%> <%fvar%><%endfor%>

- The second way is to let the foreach statement determine the loop variable. With this style, each value can be accessed via the first variable name passed to the foreach with the trailing ’s ’ removed.

- FILES=<%foreach(idl_files source_files header_files)%> <%idl_file%><%endfor%>

- Note that the <%idl_file%> variable will contain each individual value of the idl_files, source_files and header_files list. If the variable in the foreach does not end in ’s ’, the variable of the same name within the foreach will contain each individual value, e.g.,

- <%foreach(filelist)%> <%filelist%><%endfor%>

- The following table lists keywords that can appear in template files.

- ###### Template File Keywords

  Keyword | Description
  --- | ---
  basename | Evaluates the variable name and removes the directory portion from that value.
  basenoextension | This is similar to basename except that the extension is also removed from the variable name value.
  comment | The value passed to comment is ignored and can be any set of characters, except a new line or a closing parenthesis.
  compares | This function returns true if the variable value (first parameter) is equal to the string value (second parameter).
  contains | This function returns true if the variable value (first parameter) contains the regular expression (second parameter).
  dirname | Evaluates the variable name and removes the basename from that value.
  duplicate_index | This function returns a number based on the number of times a file with the same name (but different directory) is seen within a project. The function returns false upon the first occurrence of a file.
  else | Used with the if statement. An else block will be evaluated if the statement does not evaluate to true.
  endfor | Used with foreach. This ends foreach block.
  endif | Used with the if statement. This ends an if or if/else block.
  ends_with | This function returns true if the variable value (first parameter) ends with the regular expression (second parameter).
  eval | This is similar to eval in perl. The template code passed to this function will be evaluated within the context of the current template.
  extensions | Returns a list of extensions based on the component name parameter (e.g., source_files, header_files, etc.)
  flag_overrides | This is directly related to overriding the project-wide settings in an mpc file. It takes two variable names that are comma separated. The first corresponds to a file name and the second is any variable name.
  foreach | The given variable names are evaluated in a list context which is space separated.
  forfirst | Used with foreach. The literal value passed to forfirst will be placed on the first iteration of foreach.
  forlast | Used with foreach. The literal value passed to forlast will be placed on the last iteration of foreach.
  fornotfirst | Used with foreach. The literal value passed to fornotfirst will be placed on each iteration of foreach except for the first.
  fornotlast | Used with foreach. The literal value passed to fornotlast will be placed on each iteration of foreach except for the last.
  full_path | Returns full path of the value of the variable name passed a the parameter.
  has_extension | Returns true is the variable value has a file extension.
  if | Used to determine if a variable is defined. The not operator (! ) can be used to invert the if check. This construct will only check for values defined within an mpc or mpt file. Default values (even those implemented by the project creators) are not considered in the if statement.
  keyname_used | This function is used to associate a key with a variable value. If the key has been associated with a variable value more than once, either through physical repetition of the key in the template or through evaluation of a foreach context, the count of association will be appended to the output.
  lc | Return the given variable value in all lower case characters.
  marker | This is directly related to the verbatim keyword from the mpc syntax. This can be used to designate markers within a template. Ex. <%marker(local)%>.
  multiple | This function returns true if the array parameter contains multiple values.
  noextension | Evaluates the variable name value as a file name and removes the extension from that value including the period.
  normalize | Convert spaces, dashes, slashes, dollar signs, parenthesis and dots in the given variable value to underscores.
  remove_from | This function will remove a file in a component list. It requires three parameters. The first parameter is a component name (e.g., Source_Files), the second parameter is a regular expression pattern and the third parameter is a project or template variable name. The fourth and optional parameter allows you to alter the project or template variable value by removing the end matching portion. If the value of the project or template variable (i.e., parameter three) after being modified by parameter four and having the regular expression pattern (i.e., parameter two) appended to it matches any value within the compent list (named by parameter one), it will be removed from that component list and passed back. any
  reverse | This function reverses the order of the array parameter values.
  scope | This is used to set the scope of execution of a function that will operate on the template output. A scope is begun by passing "enter" as the first parameter and a function name as the second parameter. Currently, the only function name supported is "escape". The third parameter specifies a string on which the function will operate. Any template text that matches the string parameter while within this scope will be transformed by the function parameter. A scope is then ended by passing "leave".
  sort | This function sorts the array parameter values.
  starts_with | This function returns true if the variable value (first parameter) starts with the regular expression (second parameter).
  transdir | Replaces values within the directory portion of a variable value with something that can be used as a relative path. The current working directory is removed and ".." is replaced with "dotdot".
  uc | Return the given variable value in all upper case characters.
  ucw | Return the given variable value with the first letter of each word in upper case. Words are separated by spaces or underscores.
  uniq | This function returns the unique set of the array parameter values.

- The following table lists special names that can be used as variables in some template files. The variables listed in the Common Pseudo Variables table can be used as well (except for <%temporary%>).

- ###### Special Values used in Template Files

  Value | Description
  --- | ---
  am_version | Implemented by the Automake project creator module, converts the version setting into a suitable value for automake.
  ciao | Implemented by the GNUACE project creator module, specifies that the project uses CIAO.
  compilers | Implemented by the Make project creator module, provides the compiler name based on the current project language.
  cppdir | This value is implemented by the BMake project creator module. It returns a semicolon separated list of directories taken from each value in the Source_Files list.
  custom_types | Contains a list of the custom build types. See Custom Types for more details.
  cwd | The full current working directory.
  forcount | This only has a value within the context of a foreach and provides a 1 based count, by default, of the index of the elements in foreach.
  guid | This value is implemented by the VC7 and WIX project creator modules. It returns a guid value based on the project that is usable within VC7, VC71, VC8, VC9, VC10 and WIX project files.
  language | This value is implemented by the VC7 and Make project creator modules. It returns the current language setting for the project.
  make_file_name | This value is implemented by the VC6 and EM3 project creator modules. It returns the project name with the make file extension that corresponds to the particular project type.
  project_file | This variable contains the name of the output file for the current project being generated.
  project_name | This variable contains the name of the current project being generated.
  rcdir | This value is implemented by the BMake project creator module. It returns a semicolon separated list of directories taken from each value in the Resource_Files list.
  source_directory | This value is implemented by the WIX project creator module. It converts the variable portion of the binary output directory (either exeout, dllout, or libout) to a suitable value for WIX.
  tao | Implemented by the GNUACE project creator module, specifies that the project uses TAO.
  vcversion | This value is implemented by the VC7ProjectCreator. It returns the version number of the type of project being generated. 7.00 is return for vc7, 7.10 is return for vc71 and 8.00 is returned for vc8, 9.00 is returned for vc9, 10.00 is returned for vc10.
  vpath | This value is implemented by the GNUACEProjectCreator. It returns a value, based on the location of the source files, that specifies the VPATH setting for GNU Make.

- ###### Template Variable Documentation

- Template variables used within the MPC templates are numerous and vary from template to template; there are far too many to include in this document. However, you can generate an HTML document containing all of the template variables used within a template using the document_template.pl script found in the devtools directory under the MPC root directory. You may find that some templates and individual template variables are well documented and, unfortunately, some are not.
- The script will generate documentation for an individual template file. The usage is as follows:

- document_template.pl v1.3

  Usage: document_template.pl <template> [<html output> [language]]

  html output - This defaults to the name of the template file with the .mpd

  extension replaced with .html.

  language - This defaults to the language for which the template is designed.

  It can be any of the valid language settings for MPC:

  cplusplus csharp java vb

###### Custom Types

- To support multiple custom build types, a special keyword was introduced. The custom_types keyword is used to access the list of custom types defined by the user. In a foreach context, each custom type can be accessed through the custom_type keyword.
- A variety of information is available from each custom_type through the -> operator. The input files, input extensions, command, command output option, command flags, and output file directory are all accessible through the field names that correspond to the particular type.
- The input files associated with the custom type are accessed through custom_type->input_files. Each input file has a set of output files associated with it which can be accessed in a foreach context through custom_type->input_file->output_files. The custom type fields are those listed in the Define_Custom Keywords table as well as those listed in the following table.

- ###### Custom Type Fields

  Value | Description
  --- | ---
  dependencies | The files on which the processing of the custom input file depends.
  gendir | The output directory associated with a particular input file. This field has no meaning when accessed directly through the custom_type. It should always be used within the context of a flag_overrides (see Template File Keywords).
  input_files | The input files associated with the custom type.
  inputexts | The input file extensions associated with the custom type.
  non_source_output_files | All output files generated from the custom input file that are not considered source code files by MPC.
  output_files | All output files generated from the custom input file.
  source_output_files | All output files generated from the custom input file that are considered source code files by MPC.

- The example below, which creates generic makefile rules for building custom input files, shows basic use of the custom type and the various fields that can be accessed. The main limitation with the custom_types keyword, as can be seen below, is that the foreach variable cannot be named as stated previously.

- <%if(custom_types)%>

  <%foreach(custom_types)%>

  <%foreach(custom_type->input_files)%>

  <%foreach(custom_type->input_file->output_files)%>

  <%custom_type->input_file->output_file%>: <%custom_type->input_file%>

  <%custom_type->command%> <%custom_type->commandflags%> $@

  <%endfor%>

  <%endfor%>

  <%endfor%>

  <%endif%>

###### Grouped Files

- File grouping is part of the syntax of mpc files. If a set of files are grouped within the mpc file, they can be accessed as a group within the mpd file.
- Files (such as Source_Files, Header_Files ) can be grouped together as shown here. Within the mpd file, the different components can be accessed by prepending grouped_ to the component (grouped_source_files, grouped_header_files, etc.)

- ###### Grouped Files Field Names

  Field Name | Description
  --- | ---
  files | The input files associated with the group.
  component_name | The name of the set of multiple groups of files.

- The example below, which creates make macros for each file group, shows basic use of grouping and the fields that can be accessed. The main limitation with file grouping, as can be seen below, is that the foreach variable cannot be named as stated previously. The following example involves source files, but any of the components listed in the mpc and mpb section can be used.

- <%if(grouped_source_files)%>

  <%comment(Get back each set of grouped files)%>

  <%foreach(grouped_source_files)%>

  <%comment(This will provide the name of the group)%>

  <%grouped_source_file%> = \

  <%comment(Get all the source files in a single group)%>

  <%foreach(grouped_source_file->files)%>

  <%grouped_source_file->file)%><%fornotlast(" \\")%>

  <%endfor%>

  <%endfor%>

  ifndef <%grouped_source_files->component_name%>

  <%grouped_source_files->component_name%> = \

  <%foreach(grouped_source_files)%>

  <%grouped_source_file%><%fornotlast(" \\")%>

  <%endfor%>

  endif

  <%endif%>

##### Template Input Files (mpt)

- Template input files provide build tool specific information that is common to all projects, such as compiler switches, intermediate directories, compiler macros, etc. Each project type can provide template input files for dynamic libraries, static libraries, dynamic executables and static executables. However, none of these are actually required by MPC.
- The template input files are more free-form than the other MPC file types. It is similar to the mpc syntax except that there is no project definition and there is only one keyword. The keyword, conditional_include, is used to include other mpt files if they can be found in the MPC include search path. If the name listed in double quotes after conditional_include is not found, it is ignored and no warning is produced. The mpt extension is automatically added to the name provided.
- The template input files contain variable assignments and collections of variable assignments. A variable assignment is of the form:

- variable_name = value1 "value 2"

  variable_name += another_value

- This variable can then be used within the corresponding mpd file.
- Variable assignments can be grouped together and named within the mpt file and used as scoped variables within the mpd file. The following example shows the use of collections of variable assignments.

- // mpt file

  configurations = Release Debug

  common_defines = WIN32 _CONSOLE

  Release {

  compile_flags = /W3 /GX /O2 /MD /GR

  defines = NDEBUG

  }

  Debug {

  compile_flags = /W3 /Gm /GX /Zi /Od /MDd /GR /Gy

  defines = _DEBUG

  }

  conditional_include "vcfullmacros"

- Below is the portion of the mpd file that would use the information provided in the mpt file above.

- <%foreach(configurations)%>

  Name = <%configuration%>

  <%compile_flags%><%foreach(defines common_defines)%> /D <%define%>=1<%endfor%>

  <%endfor%>

- The following output is generated from the above example:

- Name = Release

  /W3 /GX /O2 /MD /GR /D NDEBUG=1 /D WIN32=1 /D _CONSOLE=1

  Name = Debug

  /W3 /Gm /GX /Zi /Od /MDd /GR /Gy /D _DEBUG=1 /D WIN32=1 /D _CONSOLE=1

- If a foreach variable value corresponds to a variable group name, that variable group is available within the scope of that foreach.

#### A Simple Example

- We will discuss what it would take to add support for a fictional build tool throughout this section. The Generating projects with mpc.pl diagram shows the relationship between the template and project creator discussed below.

##### Template

- The best thing to do is to start with the template. The template is the most important piece when adding a new project type. It basically tells MPC how to lay out all of the information it gathers while processing an mpc file. The template file will have a mixture of plain text and the mpd syntax described in the Template Files section. Here is our sample fictional.mpd.

- //=======================================================================

  // This project has been generated by MPC.

  // CAUTION! Hand edit only if you know what you are doing!

  //=======================================================================

  // Section 1 - PROJECT OPTIONS

  ctags:*

  debugSwitches:-nw

  //end-proj-opts

  // Section 2 - MAKEFILE

  Makefile.<%project_name%>

  // Section 3 - OPTIONS

  //end-options

  // Section 4 - TARGET FILE

  <%if(exename)%>

  <%exename%>

  <%else%>

  <%if(sharedname)%>

  <%sharedname%>

  <%else%>

  <%if(staticname)%>

  <%staticname%>

  <%endif%>

  <%endif%>

  <%endif%>

  // Section 5 - SOURCE FILES

  <%foreach(source_files)%>

  <%source_file%>

  <%endfor%>

  //end-srcfiles

  // Section 6 - INCLUDE DIRECTORIES

  <%foreach(includes)%>

  <%include%>

  <%endfor%>

  //end-include-dirs

  // Section 7 - LIBRARY DIRECTORIES

  <%foreach(libpaths)%>

  <%libpath%>

  <%endfor%>

  //end-library-dirs

  // Section 8 - DEFINITIONS

  <%foreach(macros defines)%>

  -D<%macro%>

  <%endfor%>

  <%if(pch_header)%>

  <%foreach(pch_defines)%>

  -D<%pch_define%>

  <%endfor%>

  <%endif%>

  //end-defs

  // Section 9 - C FLAGS

  <%cflags("-g")%>

  // Section 10 - LIBRARY FLAGS

  <%libflags%>

  // Section 11 - SRC DIRECTORY

  .

  // Section 12 - OBJ DIRECTORY

  <%objdir(".")%>

  // Section 13 - BIN DIRECTORY

  <%if(install)%><%install%><%else%>.<%endif%>

  // User targets section. Following lines will be

  // inserted into Makefile right after the generated cleanall target.

  // The Project File editor does not edit these lines - edit the .vpj

  // directly. You should know what you are doing.

  // Section 14 - USER TARGETS

  <%marker(top)%>

  <%marker(macros)%>

  <%marker(local)%>

  <%marker(bottom)%>

  //end-user-targets

  // Section 15 - LIBRARY FILES

  <%foreach(libs lit_libs pure_libs)%>

  <%lib%>

  <%endfor%>

  //end-library-files

- Note that output is generated differently depending upon whether <%exename%>, <%sharedname%> or <%staticname%> is defined due to the if statements that were used with relation these variable names. Also, certain portions of the project file are only generated if particular variables are set.

##### Project Creator

- Next, you would write the FictionalProjectCreator.pm. It may be best to start with a copy of the MakeProjectCreator.pm and edit it. Change the package name to FictionalProjectCreator and have it inherit from MakeProjectBase and ProjectCreator. Then, override the methods that are needed for this particular type.

- package FictionalProjectCreator;

  # ************************************************************

  # Description : A Fictional Project Creator

  # Author : Chad Elliott

  # Create Date : 10/01/2004

  # ************************************************************

  # Pragmas

  # ************************************************************

  use strict;

  use MakeProjectBase;

  use ProjectCreator;

  use vars qw(@ISA);

  @ISA = qw(MakeProjectBase ProjectCreator);

  # ************************************************************

  # Subroutine Section

  # ************************************************************

  sub convert_slashes {

  #my $self = shift;

  return 0;

  }

  sub project_file_extension {

  #my $self = shift;

  return '.fic';

  }

  sub get_dll_exe_template_input_file {

  #my $self = shift;

  return 'fictionalexe';

  }

  sub get_dll_template_input_file {

  #my $self = shift;

  return 'fictionaldll';

  }

  sub get_template {

  #my $self = shift;

  return 'fictional';

  }

  1;

- In our example, we inherit from the MakeProjectBase which provides some methods that are common to all “make” based project creators.
- We override the convert_slashes method to return 0. A zero return value tells MPC not to convert slashes to back slashes (converting slashes is useful for Windows related build tools).
- We then override the project_file_extension method to return the project file extension which is used by a method defined in the MakeProjectBase module.
- Next, we override the get_dll_exe_template_input_file and get_dll_template_input_file methods. Those methods return the specific template input file names for a dynamic executable and dynamic library, respectively.
- Lastly, we override the get_template method to return the template file name for our new project type. In our case, the method returns fictional which corresponds to the name of the template file we created earlier.
- There are many other methods that can be overridden to change the way MPC generates output. For a complete list, see the “Virtual Methods To Be Overridden” section of the Creator.pm and ProjectCreator.pm.

##### Workspace Creator

- The last part that you would need to write is the FictionalWorkspaceCreator.pm. This module is usually more code-intensive than its Project Creator counterpart.

- package FictionalWorkspaceCreator;

  # ************************************************************

  # Description : A Fictional Workspace Creator

  # Author : Chad Elliott

  # Create Date : 10/01/2004

  # ************************************************************

  # Pragmas

  # ************************************************************

  use strict;

  use FictionalProjectCreator;

  use WorkspaceCreator;

  use vars qw(@ISA);

  @ISA = qw(WorkspaceCreator);

  # ************************************************************

  # Subroutine Section

  # ************************************************************

  sub workspace_file_name {

  my $self = shift;

  return $self->get_modified_workspace_name($self->get_workspace_name(), '.fws');

  }

  sub pre_workspace {

  my($self, $fh) = @_;

  my $crlf = $self->crlf();

  print $fh '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>', $crlf,

  '<!-- MPC Command -->', $crlf,

  "<!-- $0 @ARGV -->", $crlf;

  }

  sub write_comps {

  my($self, $fh) = @_;

  my $projects = $self->get_projects();

  my @list = $self->sort_dependencies($projects);

  my $crlf = $self->crlf();

  print $fh '<projects>', $crlf;

  foreach my $project (@list) {

  print $fh " <project path=\"$project\"/>$crlf";

  }

  print $fh "</projects>$crlf";

  }

  1;

- The first method we override from WorkspaceCreator.pm is the workspace_file_name method. It is used to determine the output file for the generated workspace.
- Second, we override the pre_workspace method, which we use to print out the generic unchanging section of our generated workspace.
- Lastly, we override the write_comps method. This method is where the bulk of the work is done in our workspace creator. A workspace creator has many sets of data available. A reference to the list of project file names can be obtained through the get_projects method; project-specific information can be obtained through the get_project_info method which returns an array reference where each array element is an array containing the project name, project dependencies and a project guid (if applicable).